Louis Horst

Louis Horst
Louis Horst
Born	12 January 1884 ; Kansas City
Died	23 January 1964 (aged 80); New York City
Occupation	Choreographer, pianist, composer
Awards	Capezio Dance Award (1955) ;

Louis Horst (born January 12, 1884, Kansas City, Missouri – died January 23, 1964, New York City) was a composer, and pianist. He helped to define the principles of modern dance choreographic technique, most notably the matching of choreography to pre-existing musical structure and the use of contemporary music for dance scores.

Biography and work

Horst was the musical director for the Denishawn company (1916-25) before working as musical director and dance composition teacher for Martha Graham's school and dance company (1926-48).

One memorable piece of advice that Horst gave dancers in his lessons in the 1930s, at times delivered in a sarcastic tone: "when in doubt, turn."^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] This is a variant of Ted Shawn's famous line "When in doubt, twirl."^[6] The Grateful Dead Almanac adopted it as their motto.^[7]

Apart from being a personal friend and mentor to Graham, Horst worked and wrote scores for many other choreographers, including:

Ruth St. Denis
Ted Shawn
Helen Tamiris
Martha Hill
Doris Humphrey and Charles Weidman
Agnes de Mille
Ruth Page
Michio Ito
Adolph Bolm
Harald Kreutzberg
Pearl Lang
Jean Erdman
Anna Sokolow, Horst's assistant and demonstrator

Career

Horst composed scores for the Denishawn company, including Japanese Spear Dance (1919). He composed several of Graham's early group works: Primitive Mysteries (1931), Celebration (1934), Frontier (1935), and El Penitente (1940). For Anna Sokolow, Horst composed Noah (1935). He also composed several movie scores.

Horst taught art of choreography at Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theater (1928-1964),^[8] Bennington College (1934-45), Mills College, Connecticut College (1948–63), Barnard College, Sarah Lawrence College, Columbia University, and The Juilliard School (1951-64).

Horst lectured often on "Dance Composition", "Music Composition for Dance", and "Modern Dance and Its Relation to the Other Modern Arts". He wrote and published two books: Pre-classic Dance Forms (1937) and Modern Dance Forms (1960). He founded and edited Dance Observer Journal (1933-64).

In 1964 he became the second recipient of the Heritage Award of the National Dance Association.

References

^ Madden (1996) p.36 quote:
"There was no choreography in those days. We didn't even know the word." Dances were just arranged routines. [...] On a later tour, there was a time, according to Agnes de Mille, when Miss Ruth passed by the piano, which was on stage, asking Louis how much longer she had to go. He murmured encouragingly, that it was only once more around the space and to put in a few spins. This may be the source of his later comments in classes in the '30s in New York "When in doubt, turn", although by then it had become a sarcastic and sardonic comment.
^ Soares, Janet Mansfield (1992) pg. 55
^ Soares, Janet Mansfield (1958-64) Private papers, class notes, and personal conversations
^ Focus on dance, Volume 5 (1969) p.6 quote:
Horstiana - When in doubt, turn.
^ Lynne Anne Blom, L. Tarin Chaplin (1989) p.48 quote:
Although turning is powerful, be cautious of the attitude, "When in doubt, turn.
^ Stephen Schiff (1992) Edward Gorey and the Tao of Nonsense in The New Yorker, November 9, pg. 94 quote:
You know, Ted Shawn, the choreographer--he used to say, 'When in doubt, twirl.' Oh, I do think that's such a great line.
^ Grateful Dead Almanac, lonehombre.com; accessed February 9, 2018.
^ Fishgall, Gary (2002). Gregory Peck : a biography. New York: Scribner. pp. 55-56. ISBN 0-684-85290-X. OCLC 48952197.