The castle after which the city is named was built by Rudolph III of Burgundy and completed in 1011. Originally part of the Kingdom of Burgundy, the city was absorbed into the Holy Roman Empire in 1033. The domain of the counts of Neuchatel was first referred to as a city in 1214. The city came under Prussian control from 1707 until 1848, with an interruption during the Napoleonic Wars from 1806 to 1814. In 1848, Neuchâtel became a republic and a canton of Switzerland.
Neuchâtel is a medieval toponym derived from the Old French: neu "new" (Modern Frenchneuf) and châtel "castle" (now château) in reference to the 10th century Neuchâtel Castle.[a] In French, most adjectives, when used attributively, appear after their nouns; however, the leading position of the adjective is a phenomenon widely attested in the north and east of France, as well as in Belgium and in French-speaking Switzerland (Romandy). As with the various other places named Neuchâtel, Neufchâtel, Neufchâteau of northern France and Belgium, this reflects the Germanic influence on Gallo-Romance languages retained in the toponymy today.[11][12] This contrasts with the OccitanCastelnaus (and the Frenchified Châteauneufs) in the south of France.
The German name for the town is Neuenburg[ˈnɔʏənˌbʊrɡ]ⓘ, which also translates roughly as "new castle". The longer form Neuenburg am See ("Newcastle by the lake") is sometimes used to disambiguate it from the numerous other Neuenburgs, especially Neuenburg am Rhein. The Romansh language uses the French Neuchâtel, and occasionanally Neuschatel[13] and Neufchâtel; contemporary Italian largely uses the French name as well, but occasionally the historic Neocastello is seen.[14]
Historic French names included Nuefchastel (attested in 1251),[21]Neufchastel (1338),[21] and Neufchatel,[9] with modern Neuchâtel in use by 1750.[21] In the Franche-Comté, the city was also called Neuchâtel-outre-Joux ("Neuchâtel beyond Joux") to distinguish it from another Neuchâtel in that region, now called Neuchâtel-Urtière.
German names of the town included Nienburg,[9]Nuvenburch (attested in 1033)[21]Nüwenburg,[9]Welschen Nüwenburg,[13][b]Newenburg am See[13] ("Newcastle by the lake") and Welschneuburg,[13] with modern Neuenburg established by 1725.[21]
Italian names included Neocastello[22] (which is occasionally seen in contemporary contexts[14]) and Nuovo Castello.[23]
The oldest traces of humans in the municipal area are the remains of a Magdalenian hunting camp, which was dated to 13,000 BC. It was discovered in 1990 during construction of the A5 motorway at Monruz (La Coudre). The site was about 5 m (16 ft) below the main road. Around the fire pits carved flints and bones were found. In addition to the flint and bone artifacts three tiny earrings from lignite were found. The earrings may have served as symbols of fertility and represent the oldest known art in Switzerland. This first camp was used by Cro-Magnons to hunt horse and reindeer in the area. Azilian hunters had a camp at the same site at about 11,000 BC. Since the climate had changed, their prey was now deer and wild boar.
During the 19th century, traces of some stilt houses were found in Le Cret near the red church. However, their location was not well documented and the site was lost. In 1999, during construction of the lower station of the funicular railway, which connects the railway station and university, the settlement was rediscovered. It was later determined to be a Cortaillod culture (middle Neolithic) village. According to dendrochronological studies, some of the piles were from 3571 BC.[24]
A Hallstatt grave (early Iron Age) was found in the forest of Les Cadolles.
At Les Favarger a Gallo-Roman and at André Fontaine a small coin depot were discovered. In 1908, an excavation at the mouth of the Serrière [fr] discovered Gallo-Roman baths from the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.
Middle Ages
One of the most important Merovingian cemeteries in the canton was discovered at Les Battieux in Serrières [fr]. In 1982, 38 graves dating from the 7th century were excavated many of which contained silver-inlaid or silver-plated belt buckles. Also in Serrières at the church of Saint-Jean, the remains of a 7th-century shrine were excavated.[24]
In 1011, Rudolph III of Burgundy presented a Novum castellum or new castle on the lake shore to his wife, Ermengarde. It was long assumed that this new castle replaced an older one, but nothing about its location or design is known. At the time of this gift Neuchâtel was probably the center of a newly created royal court, which was recently developed to complement the other royal estates which managed western estates of the kings of Burgundy.[24]
The first counts of Neuchâtel were named shortly afterwards, and in 1214 their domain was officially dubbed a city.
Early modern era
For three centuries, the County of Neuchâtel flourished, and in 1530, the people of Neuchâtel accepted the Reformation, and their city and territory were proclaimed to be indivisible from then on. Future rulers were required to seek investiture from the citizens.
With increasing power and prestige, Neuchâtel was raised to the level of a principality at the beginning of the 17th century. On the death in 1707 of Marie d'Orleans-Longueville, duchess de Nemours and Princess of Neuchâtel, the people had to choose her successor from among fifteen claimants. They wanted their new prince first and foremost to be a Protestant, and also to be strong enough to protect their territory but based far enough away to leave them to their own devices. Louis XIV actively promoted the many French pretenders to the title, but the Neuchâtelois people passed them over in favour of King Frederick I of Prussia, who claimed his entitlement in a rather complicated fashion through the Houses of Orange and Nassau. With the requisite stability assured, Neuchâtel entered its golden age, with commerce and industry (including watchmaking and lace) and banking undergoing steady expansion.
Modern Neuchâtel
Aerial view (1949)
At the beginning of the 19th century, Prussia sought to obtain Hanover whilst still maintaining neutrality and abstaining from the wars waged by Napoleon. Frederick William III had hoped that Prussia could receive the Electorate of Hanover from France only after the event of a British defeat and a resulting treaty, lest Prussia be forced to enter war alongside France against Britain over the territory, with which Britain had been in personal union since 1714. To achieve these aims of receiving Hanover with a simultaneous preservation of neutrality, Prussia offered to give up certain exclaves to the French, however, Napoleon exploited Prussia's politically isolated position and forced Prussia to give up more than had been hoped, partake in the Continental Blockade, and to officially annex Hanover in the Treaty of Paris on 15 February 1806, resulting in the cession of the principality of Neuchâtel to Napoleon. Napoleon's field marshal, Berthier, became Prince of Neuchâtel, building roads and restoring infrastructure, but never actually setting foot in his domain. After the fall of Napoleon, Frederick William III of Prussia reasserted his rights by proposing that Neuchâtel be linked with the other Swiss cantons (to exert better influence over all of them). On 12 September 1814, Neuchâtel became the capital of the 21st canton, but also remained a Prussian principality. It took a bloodless revolution in the decades following for Neuchâtel to shake off its princely past and declare itself, on 1 March 1848, a republic within the Swiss Confederation. Prussia yielded its claim to the canton following the 1856–1857 Neuchâtel Crisis.
On 1 January 2021 the former municipalities of Corcelles-Cormondrèche, Peseux and Valangin merged into the municipality of Neuchâtel.[6] Corcelles-Cormondrèche was first mentioned in the historical record in 1092 as Curcellis. Around 1220 it was mentioned as Cormundreschi.[25] Peseux was first mentioned in 1195 as apud Pusoz though this comes from a 15th-century copy of an earlier document. In 1278 it was mentioned as de Posoys.[26] Valangin was first mentioned in 1241 as de Valengiz.[27]
Geography
Map of town centre showing the evolution of the shoreline
Before the 2021 merger of municipalities, Neuchâtel had an area, as of 2009[update], of 18.1 square kilometers (7.0 sq mi). Of this area, 1.84 km2 (0.71 sq mi) or 10.2% was used for agricultural purposes, while 9.74 km2 (3.76 sq mi) or 53.8% was forested. Of the rest of the land, 6.42 km2 (2.48 sq mi) or 35.5% was settled (buildings or roads), 0.03 km2 (7.4 acres) or 0.2% was either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km2 (4.9 acres) or 0.1% was unproductive land.[28]
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.2% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 18.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 10.1%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 4.3%. Out of the forested land, 51.8% of the total land area was heavily forested and 2.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 1.4% was used for growing crops and 8.0% was pastures. All the water in the municipality is in lakes.[28]
The city is located on the northwestern shore of Lake Neuchâtel, a few kilometers east of Peseux and west of Saint-Blaise. Above Neuchâtel, roads and train tracks rise steeply into the folds and ridges of the Jura range—known within the canton as the Montagnes neuchâteloises. Like the continuation of the mountains on either side, this is wild and hilly country, not exactly mountainous compared with the high Alps further south but still characterized by remote, windswept settlements and deep, rugged valleys. It is also the heartland of the celebrated Swiss watchmaking industry, centered on the once-famous towns of La Chaux-de-Fonds and Le Locle, which both rely heavily on their horological past to draw in visitors. The river Doubs marks for a part the border with France, set down in a gorge and forming along its path a waterfall, the Saut du Doubs [fr], and lake, the Lac des Brenets.
The municipality was the capital of Neuchâtel District, until the district level of administration was eliminated on 1 January 2018.[29]
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or, an Eagle displayed Sable beaked, langued and membered Gules, escutcheon Or, on a pale Gules three Chevrons Argent.[31]
Administrative divisions
Government
The Municipal Council (Conseil communal, CC) constitutes the executive government of the City of Neuchâtel and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councillors (French: Conseiller communal/ Conseillère communale), each presiding over administrational sections and services comprising the related commissions. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (président(e)) and is nominated annually in a tournus by the collegiate itself. In the mandate period January 2021 – June 2022 (l'année administrative) the Municipal Council is presided by Madame la présidenteViolaine Blétry-de Montmollin. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the General Council (parliament) are carried by the Municipal Council. The regular election of the Municipal Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Neuchâtel allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipal Council. Due to the constitution by canton of Neuchâtel not only Swiss citizens have the right to vote and elect and being elected on communal and cantonal level, but also foreigners with a residence in the canton of Neuchâtel and being resident in the canton of Neuchâtel for at least one year for communal elections and votes, and at least five years of residence in the canton for cantonal elections and votes.[32] The current mandate period is from 2021 to 2024. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation.[33]
As of 2017[update], Neuchâtel's Municipal Council is made up of two representatives of the PS/SP (Social Democratic Party), two representatives of the PLR/FDP (Les Libéraux-Radicaux), and one member of the PES/GPS (Green Party). The last regular election was held on 25 October 2020.[34]
Territorial Development, Economy, Tourism, and Built Heritage (Dicastère du développement territorial, de l'économie, du tourisme et du patrimoine bâti, 2021)
Technological Development, Agglomeration, Security, and Finances (Dicastère du développement technologique, de l'agglomération, de la sécurité et des finances, 2021)
Sustainable Development, Mobility, Infrastructure, and Energy (Dicastère du développement durable, de la mobilité, des infrastructures et de l'énergie, 2021)
^Vice-Mayor (vice-président) for one administrative year
Daniel Veuve is Town Chancellor (chancelier) since 2021 for the City Council.
Parliament
The Conseil général (CG) of Neuchâtel for the mandate period of 2020–24
POP/PdA (2.4%)
solidaritéS (4.9%)
PS (24.4%)
Les Verts, Ecologie et Liberté (26.8%)
pvl (12.2%)
PLR (29.3%)
The General Council (Conseil général, CG), the city parliament, holds legislative power. It is made up of 41 members, with elections held every four years. The General Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the Municipal Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation.
The sessions of the General Council are public. Unlike members of the Municipal Council, members of the General Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Neuchâtel allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the General Council. Due to the constitution of the canton of Neuchâtel not only Swiss citizen have the right to vote and elect and be elected on the communal level, but also foreigners in the canton of Neuchâtel having been resident in the canton of Neuchâtel for at least one year for communal elections and votes, and at least five years of residence in the canton for cantonal elections and votes.[32] The CG holds its meetings in the Town Hall (L'Hôtel de Ville), in the old city on Rue de l'Hôtel de Ville.[36]
In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the PS which received 29.3% of the vote. The next four most popular parties were the PLR (22.8%), the UDC (13.6%), the Green Party (12.1%), and the Swiss Party of Labour (10.1%). In the federal election, a total of 8,136 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.4%.[37]
International relations
Neuchâtel is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural cities programme.[38]
Neuchâtel has a population (as of December 2020[update]) of 33,455.[41] As of 2008[update], 32.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[42] Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 3.9%. It has changed at a rate of 2.4% due to migration and at a rate of 1% due to births and deaths.[43]
As of 2008[update], the population was 47.7% male and 52.3% female. The population was made up of 10,371 Swiss men (31.5% of the population) and 5,344 (16.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 12,366 Swiss women (37.5%) and 4,892 (14.8%) non-Swiss women.[44] Of the population in the municipality, 8,558 or about 26.0% were born in Neuchâtel and lived there in 2000. There were 5,134 or 15.6% who were born in the same canton, while 7,744 or 23.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 10,349 or 31.4% were born outside of Switzerland.[45]
As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 19.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 63.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.6%.[43]
As of 2000[update], there were 14,143 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 14,137 married individuals, 2,186 widows or widowers and 2,448 individuals who are divorced.[45]
As of 2000[update], there were 15,937 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2. persons per household.[43] There were 7,348 households that consist of only one person and 547 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 15,447 apartments (89.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,429 apartments (8.3%) were seasonally occupied and 311 apartments (1.8%) were empty.[46] As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 2.5 new units per 1000 residents.[43]
As of 2003[update] the average price to rent an average apartment in Neuchâtel was 921.35 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$740, £410, €590 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 451.40 CHF (US$360, £200, €290), a two-room apartment was about 675.66 CHF (US$540, £300, €430), a three-room apartment was about 825.15 CHF (US$660, £370, €530) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1647.88 CHF (US$1320, £740, €1050). The average apartment price in Neuchâtel was 82.6% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[47] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.53%.[43]
Historical population
The historical population is given in the following chart:[24]
Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks French (25,881 or 78.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (1,845 or 5.6%) and Italian is the third (1,421 or 4.3%). There are about six people who speak Romansh.[45]
Religion
Neuchâtel was historically Protestant, but Catholics have since formed a plurality due to immigration. From the 2000 census[update], 10,809 or 32.8% were Roman Catholic, while 9,443 or 28.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 374 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.14% of the population), there were 80 individuals (or about 0.24% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 1,756 individuals (or about 5.34% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 58 individuals (or about 0.18% of the population) who were Jewish, and 1,723 (or about 5.23% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 99 individuals who were Buddhist, 100 individuals who were Hindu and 59 individuals who belonged to another church. 7,549 (or about 22.94% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 1,717 individuals (or about 5.22% of the population) did not answer the question.[45]
In 2014 the crime rate, of crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code, in Neuchâtel was 140.4 per thousand residents. During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 16.3 per thousand residents. The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 5.7 per thousand residents.[48]
Economy
Neuchâtel is a centre of the watch industry, and is also the site of micro-technology and high-tech industries. It is home to research centres and organizations such as the Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM),[49] Microcity innovation pole,[50] University of applied Sciences HE-Arc in Engineering[51] and also Philip Morris International's Cube.[52] The apparel company heidi.com also established its headquarters in the city.
As of 2010[update], Neuchâtel had an unemployment rate of 7.5%. As of 2008[update], there were 46 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 5,658 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 261 businesses in this sector. 20,472 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 1,955 businesses in this sector.[43] There were 16,353 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which women made up 45.4% of the workforce.
In 2008[update] the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 21,624. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 38, of which 20 were in agriculture and 18 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 5,433 of which 4,234 or (77.9%) were in manufacturing, 9 or (0.2%) were in mining and 1,022 (18.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 16,153. In the tertiary sector; 2,397 or 14.8% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 796 or 4.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 919 or 5.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 766 or 4.7% were in the information industry, 1,077 or 6.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 1,897 or 11.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 1,981 or 12.3% were in education and 2,633 or 16.3% were in health care.[53]
In 2000[update], there were 15,535 workers who commuted into the municipality and 6,056 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.6 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving.[54] Of the working population, 33.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 43.4% used a private car.[43]
Education
University of Neuchâtel
Neuchâtel is home to the French-speaking University of Neuchâtel. The university has five faculties and more than a dozen institutes, including arts and human sciences, natural sciences, law, economics and theology. For the 2005–2006 academic year, 3,595 students (1,987 women and 1,608 men) were enrolled. The Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences is the largest school of those that comprise the university of Neuchâtel with 1,500 students. Some courses at the university are taught in English.[citation needed]
Neuchâtel is home to eight libraries: the Bibliothèque de la Faculté des Lettres, the Bibliothèque de l'Institut d'ethnologie et du Musée d'ethnographie, the Bibliothèque de la Faculté des Sciences, the Bibliothèque de droit, the Bibliothèque des sciences économiques, the Bibliothèque de la Faculté de théologie, the Service de coordination des bibliothèques and the Haute école Arc – Santé. There was a combined total (as of 2008[update]) of 736,773 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 58,427 items were loaned out.[55]
In Neuchâtel about 11,076 or (33.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 5,948 or (18.1%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 5,948 who completed tertiary schooling, 43.6% were Swiss men, 28.4% were Swiss women, 16.4% were non-Swiss men and 11.6% were non-Swiss women.[45]
In the canton of Neuchâtel most municipalities provide two years of non-mandatory kindergarten, followed by five years of mandatory primary education. The next four years of mandatory secondary education is provided at thirteen larger secondary schools, which many students travel out of their home municipality to attend.[56] During the 2010–11 school year, there were 27 kindergarten classes with a total of 527 students in Neuchâtel. In the same year, there were 78 primary classes with a total of 1,424 students.[57] Secondary schools include the Lycée Jean-Piaget.
Apart from one International Montessori school for kids up to age 11 offering an English and a French class there is no international school in Neuchâtel. Neuchâtel Junior College was founded in 1956 as a non-profit foundation of the Ville de Neuchâtel to provide a unique international education. Neuchâtel Junior College is a one-year school annually welcoming over 100 students in their final pre-university year to study the Ontario Grade 12 curriculum as well as Advanced Placement.
As of 2000[update], there were 3,859 students in Neuchâtel who came from another municipality, while 346 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[54]
Neuchâtel's airport is about 6 km (3.7 mi) away from the center of the city and it takes 9 minutes to get into town with the direct tramway. It is a small airport that does not offer commercial flights. Neuchâtel is also linked to four international airports: Bern, Geneva, Basel and Zürich which are respectively 58 km (36 mi), 122 km (76 mi), 131 km (81 mi) and 153 km (95 mi) away by car. Geneva and Zürich airports both have direct trains to Neuchâtel, connecting the cities respectively in 1h 17min and 1h 49min.[59]
Three funiculars serve the city:
The Funambule, linking the lower part of the town, near the university, to the railway station
The Société de Navigation sur les Lacs de Neuchâtel et Morat SA is the boat company which serves 17 towns on Lake Neuchâtel, 6 towns on Lake Murten and 7 towns on Lake Bienne from 6:30am to 9pm. Some boats offer free wireless internet connections.[62]
Sights
Heritage sites of national significance
There are 34 sites in Neuchâtel that are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire old city of Neuchâtel, the urban village of Corcelles the small city of Valangin, the Bussy/Le Sorgereux region and the La Borcarderie region are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[63]
Architecture
Some of the statues in the Cenotaph of the Counts of Neuchâtel
Neuchâtel's Old Town has about 140 street fountains, a handful of which date from the 16th century. The Place des Halles is overlooked by Louis XIV architecture – shuttered façades and the turreted orioles of the 16th-century Maison des Halles. To the east, on Rue de l’Hôpital, is the grand 1790 Hôtel de Ville (Town Hall), designed by Louis XVI's chief architect Pierre-Adrien Paris.
The center of the Old Town is located at the top of the hill, accessed by the steeply winding Rue du Château. The Collégiale church, begun in 1185 and consecrated in 1276, is an example of early Gothic. The east end of the church has three Norman apses. The main entrance, to the west, is crowned by a giant rose window of stained glass. Within the vaulted interior, the transept is lit by a lantern tower. The Cenotaph of the Counts of Neuchâtel is located on the north wall of the choir. Begun in 1372, and the only artwork of its kind to survive north of the Alps, the monument comprises fifteen near-life-size painted statues of various knights and ladies from Neuchâtel's past, framed by 15th-century arches and gables.[citation needed] Beside the church is the Castle, begun in the 12th century and still in use as the offices of the cantonal government. The nearby turreted Prison Tower, which is the remains of a medieval bastion, has panoramic views over the town, along with models of Neuchâtel in different eras.[citation needed]
Museums
Park and Museum of the Laténium museumJaquet-Droz mechanical figurine at the musée d'Art et d'Histoire
Neuchâtel has several museums, including the Laténium, an archeology museum focusing on the prehistorical times in the region of Neuchâtel and Hauterive, particularly the La Tène culture, with the eponym site being a few kilometers away; the Musée d'ethnographie de Neuchâtel (MEN), an ethnography museum; and the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire, which houses the Automates Jaquet-Droz (Jaquet-Droz Mechanical Figurines).
Culture
National Exposition of 2002
During the summer of 2002, Neuchâtel was one of five sites which held Expo.02, the sixth Swiss national exhibition, which was subject to financial controversy.[clarification needed] The Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival is held every year to celebrate fantastic cinema from around the world. The festival of the Fête des Vendanges, representing the wine harvest, is held traditionally in late September.[64]
Hungarian writer Ágota Kristóf moved to Neuchâtel after fleeing repression following the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. She lived in the city for the rest of her life, learning and writing books in French.
Canadian illustrator John Howe, who illustrated J. R. R. Tolkien's work and participated in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy as chief conceptual designer, lives in the city. It was also the site of a secret first meeting between French novelist Honoré de Balzac and the married woman who later became his wife, Eveline Hanska.[65]Roger Schutz, founder of the Taizé Community in France, was born on 12 May 1915 at the village of Provence near Neuchâtel. He was stabbed to death on 16 August 2005 by a mentally deranged woman during a prayer meeting in Taizé's Church of Reconciliation.[citation needed]
The de Pury family, a Prussian noble family, is from Neuchâtel. Swiss merchant and philanthropist David de Pury, a native of Neuchâtel, left a large fortune to the city for public works and charities. His relative, James-Ferdinand de Pury, also a merchant and philanthropist, bequest his villa to house the town's ethnography museum. Other members of the family who were born or resided in the town include explorer and colonist Jean-Pierre Pury, winemaker and diplomat Frédéric Guillaume de Pury, painter Edmond Jean de Pury, and biblical scholar Albert de Pury.
Abraham Louis Breguet, the founder of the Breguet watch company and an esteemed inventor, often regarded as the father of modern horology, was born in Neuchâtel. The company still maintains its headquarters at L'Abbaye, about 40 km southwest of Neuchâtel.
^German Welsch- refers to the inhabitants of Romandy(Welschschweiz or Welschland[13]) and is prefixed to several German-language placenames in Switzerland and beyond (e.g. Welschenrohr near the language border).
^ abcdef"Repères historiques: Le Nom". Site officiel de la Ville de Neuchâtel (in French). Centre électronique de gestion de la Ville de Neuchâtel. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
^Walter, Henriette. "Une germanique influence" in Le Français dans tous les sens. Robert Laffont: 1988. ISBN2253140015
^de Beaurepaire, François (1979). Les Noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de la Seine-Maritime (in French). Paris: A. and J. Picard. p. 8. ISBN2-7084-0040-1. OCLC6403150.
^ abcde"Neuchâtel". Historische Lexikon der Schweiz (in German, French, Italian, and Romansh). 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
^ abcdefghJelmini, Jean-Pierre (8 September 2021). "Neuchâtel (commune)". Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (in French, German, and Italian). Académie suisse des sciences humaines et sociales. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
^ ab"Voter? Mode d'emploi" (official site) (in French). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Ville de Neuchâtel. 2016. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
^"Réglementation" (official site) (in French). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Ville de Neuchâtel. 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
^ ab"Élections communales 2020" (official site) (in French). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Ville de Neuchâtel. 25 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
^"Conseil communal" (official site) (in French). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Ville de Neuchâtel. 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
^"Conseil général" (official site) (in French). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Secrétariat du Conseil général. 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2022. Firewatch Logo FirewatchPublikasiMicrosoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 4WW: February 9, 2016Xbox OneNA: September 21, 2016EU: September 30, 2016AU: October 14, 2016Nintendo SwitchWW: December 17, 2018GenrePetualanganBahasa Daftar Inggris, Jepang, Je…
South Korean TV series or program Invincible Lee Pyung KangPromotional posterAlso known asTaming of the HeirGenreRomantic comedyWritten byPark Kye-okDirected byLee Jung-seobStarringNam Sang-miJi Hyun-wooSeo Do-youngCha Ye-ryunCountry of originSouth KoreaOriginal languageKoreanNo. of episodes16ProductionRunning timeMondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 (KST)Production companyShinyoung E&C GroupOriginal releaseNetworkKorean Broadcasting SystemRelease9 November (2009-11-09) –29 December 200…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2023. Buhari Matta Buhari Matta (lahir 19 Januari 1953)[1] adalah seorang politisi Indonesia. Ia menjabat sebagai Bupati Kolaka periode 2004–2009 dan 2009-2013. Pada 2019, ia dihukum 4,5 tahun penjara atas dakwaan korupsi APBD Rp 24 miliar.[2]…
East Room adalah ruangan untuk acara dan resepsi di Executive Residence, sebuah bangunan dalam kompleks Gedung Putih, tempat tinggal presiden Amerika Serikat. Ruang Timur adalah ruangan terbesar di Executive Residence; digunakan untuk tarian, resepsi, konferensi pers, upacara, konser, dan pesta makan. Ruang Timur merupakan salah satu ruangan terakhir yang selesai dan dihias, dan telah mengalami renovasi substansial selama dua abad terakhir. Sejak tahun 1964, Komite Pelestarian Gedung Putih, mela…
BA:BOPoster film BA:BOSutradaraKim Jeong-kwonDitulis olehKang Full (webcomic)PemeranCha Tae-hyun Ha Ji-wonDistributorCJ EntertainmentTanggal rilis28 Februari 2008Durasi89 menitNegaraKorea Selatan BA:BO adalah film Korea Selatan yang dirilis pada tahun 2008. Film ini merupakan adaptasi dari sebuah komik online populer. BA:BO disutradarai oleh Kim Jeong-kwon dengan peran utama Cha Tae-hyun dan Ha Ji-won. Sinopsis Ji-ho adalah seorang pianis yang telah bermain dan belajar di luar negeri selama bert…
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (مارس 2016) القائمة التالية تتضمن أسماء مستشفيات في دولة الكويت ومكان وجودها: الاســم المحــافظــة نوع المستشفى المدين…
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Tennis tournament2010 Western & Southern Financial Group Mastersand Western & Southern Financial Group Women's OpenDateAugust 14–22 (men)August 7–15 (women)Edition109th (men) / 82nd (women)SurfaceHard / OutdoorLocationMason, Ohio, United StatesVenueLindner Family Tennis CenterChampionsMen's singles Roger FedererWomen's singles Kim ClijstersMen's doubles Bob Bryan / Mike BryanWomen's doubles Victoria Azarenka / Maria Kirilenko ← 2009 · Western & Southern Financial…
Gunung Belirang-BeritiMount Belirang-BeritiGunung Belirang-BeritiTitik tertinggiKetinggian1,958 meter (6.424 kaki)[1]Koordinat2°49′S 102°11′E / 2.82°S 102.18°E / -2.82; 102.18 GeografiGunung Belirang-BeritiSumatera Selatan, IndonesiaPegununganBukit BarisanGeologiJenis gunungCompleks VolcanoBusur/sabuk vulkanikBusur Sunda / Sabuk alpidaLetusan terakhirTidak Diketahui Belirang-Beriti, yang juga ditulis Belerang-Beriti, adalah kompleks gunung …
Electric generating station in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, US Brandon Shores Generating StationBrandon Shores Generating Station viewed from the southCountryUnited StatesLocationAnne Arundel County, MarylandCoordinates39°10′53″N 76°32′16″W / 39.18139°N 76.53778°W / 39.18139; -76.53778StatusOperationalCommission dateUnit 1: May, 1984Unit 2: May, 1991Owner(s)Talen EnergyThermal power station Primary fuelBituminous coalCooling sourceCh…
Phyllis SchlaflySchlafly pada 2013LahirPhyllis McAlpin Stewart(1924-08-15)15 Agustus 1924St. Louis, Missouri, Amerika Serikat[1]Meninggal5 September 2016(2016-09-05) (umur 92)Ladue, Missouri, Amerika SerikatPendidikanWashington University (BA, JD)Radcliffe College (MA)Partai politikPartai RepublikSuami/istriFred Schlafly (m. 1949; wafat 1993)Anak6, termasuk Andrew Phyllis Stewart Schlafly (/ˈʃlæfli/; nama lahir Phyllis McAlpin S…
У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Синоним (значения). Синонимыивр. מילים נרדפות Жанр драма Режиссёр Надав Лапид Продюсеры Саид Бен Саид, Мишель Мерк, Оснат Хандельсман-Керен, Талия Клянхендлер, Джанин Джаковски, Джонас Дорнбах, Оливье Пер, Кевин Чнейвейсс…
العلاقات البرازيلية البوتسوانية البرازيل بوتسوانا البرازيل بوتسوانا تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات البرازيلية البوتسوانية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين البرازيل وبوتسوانا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدو…
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (نوفمبر 2019) الدوري الأرمني الممتاز 1992 تفاصيل الموسم الدوري الأرمني الممتاز النسخة 1 البلد أرمينيا التاريخ ب…
Australian rules footballer and politician For his son, who plays for Richmond in the 2020s, see Maurice Rioli Jr. Australian rules footballer Maurice Rioli Rioli in 1982Personal informationFull name Maurice Joseph Rioli TipakalippaDate of birth (1957-09-01)1 September 1957Place of birth Melville Island, Northern TerritoryDate of death 25 December 2010(2010-12-25) (aged 53)Place of death Darwin, Northern TerritoryOriginal team(s) St Mary's (NTFL)Height 176 cm (5 ft 9 in)…
SMK NEGERI 4 PADALARANGSPP - SPMAInformasiDidirikanTahun 1970JenisSekolah Menengah KejuruanAkreditasiAgribisnis Pembibitan Tanaman & Kultur Jaringan A. Teknik Komputer & Jaringan A. Bisnis daring dan pemasaran B. Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak A. Kimia Industri. Teknik Elektronika Industri BKepala SekolahDra. Hj. Alfiah Wahab, M.Pd (now) Drs. Agus Rukmantara, M.M (former)Jumlah kelas49 Kelas (13 Kelas tiap tingkat)Jurusan atau peminatanAgribisnis Pembibitan Tanaman & Kultur Jarin…
Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Candi Meja – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Candi MejaInformasi umumGaya arsitekturaltarKotaKabupaten Tulungagung, Jawa Timur.NegaraIndonesia Candi Meja adalah sebuah peninggalan purbakal…
Cet article est une ébauche concernant un acteur américain. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les conventions filmographiques. Gregg BergerBiographieNaissance 10 décembre 1950 (73 ans)Saint-LouisNationalité américaineActivités Acteur de doublage, acteurPériode d'activité depuis 1978Enfants Alvin Berger (d)Jamie Berger (d)modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Gregg Berger est un acteur américain né le 10 décembre 1950 à Sai…
Michel Piccoli Michel Piccoli (27 Desember 1925 – 12 Mei 2020) merupakan seorang aktor berkebangsaan Prancis. Bermain lebih dari 170 film. Dia berkarier di dunia film sejak tahun 1945. Filmografi Destinées (1954) La mort en ce jardin (1956) Le Doulos (1962) Contempt (Le Mépris, 1963) Diary of a Chambermaid (1964) La Chance et l'Amour (1964) The Sleeping Car Murders (1965) Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre (1965, TV) Is Paris Burning? (1966) La Curée (The Game is Over) (1966) La …
Macedonian football club Football clubKF Gostivar ФК ГостиварFull nameKlubi Futbollistik GostivarFounded1998; 26 years ago (1998)GroundCity Stadium Gostivar, GostivarCapacity3.000[1]ChairmanEnes UstaManagerIsmail AtalanLeagueMacedonian First League2022–23Macedonian Second League, 2nd (promoted) Home colours Away colours KF Gostivar (Macedonian: ФК Гостивар; English: FC Gostivar) is a football club based in Gostivar, North Macedonia. They are curren…