Royal Free Hospital

Royal Free Hospital
Royal Free Hospital
Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
	Royal Free Hospital
	Location within Camden
Geography
Location	Pond Street, Hampstead NW3 2QG, London, England
Coordinates	51°33′11″N 0°9′55″W / 51.55306°N 0.16528°W
Organisation
Care system	NHS England
Type	Teaching
Affiliated university	University College London; Middlesex University
Services
Emergency department	Yes
Beds	839
History
Opened	1828; 196 years ago; 1974; 50 years ago (present site)
Links
Website	www.royalfree.nhs.uk/the-royal-free-hospital/
Lists	Hospitals in England

The Royal Free Hospital (also known simply as the Royal Free) is a major teaching hospital in the Hampstead area of the London Borough of Camden. The hospital is part of the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, which also runs services at Barnet Hospital, Chase Farm Hospital and a number of other sites. The trust is a founder member of the UCLPartners academic health science centre.

History

Early history

Former site on Gray's Inn Road, subsequently the Eastman Dental Hospital

What became the Royal Free Hospital was founded in 1828 by the surgeon William Marsden to provide free care to those of little means.^[1] It is said that one evening, Marsden found a young girl lying on the steps of St. Andrew Church, Holborn, dying from disease and hunger and sought help for her from one of the nearby hospitals. However, none would take the girl in and she died two days later. After this experience Marsden set up a small dispensary at 16 Greville Street, Holborn, called the London General Institution for the Gratuitous Care of Malignant Diseases. The hospital became the London Free Hospital in 1833, and the Free Hospital in 1835.^[1] A royal charter was granted by Queen Victoria in 1837 to what then became the Royal Free Hospital, after it was the only hospital to stay open during the 1826–1837 cholera epidemic^[2] and had cared for many victims.^[1]^[3]

As demand for in-patient facilities increased the hospital moved to the former barracks of the Light Horse Volunteers in Gray's Inn Road in 1844.^[1]^[4] The north wing of the former barracks, which was rebuilt and renamed the Sussex Wing after Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, a benefactor of the hospital, re-opened in 1856 and the south wing, which was rebuilt and renamed the Victoria Wing after Queen Victoria, re-opened in 1879.^[1] Meanwhile, the western elevation on Gray's Inn Road, which was rebuilt and renamed the Alexandra Building after the Princess of Wales, was re-opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales in July 1895.^[1] Some additional land was purchased and used to develop the Helena Building, named after Princess Helena: the building was completed in 1915 and served as the Royal Free Military Hospital for officers during the latter stages of the First World War before becoming the maternity wing after the war.^[1] The Eastman Dental Clinic opened in a building adjacent to the main hospital in 1929.^[1] The Victoria Wing was badly damaged by a V-1 flying bomb in July 1944 during the Second World War.^[1]

Royal Free disease

In 1955 an apparent outbreak of an infectious illness, involving fever and subsequent persisting fatigue along with other symptoms, affected 292 members of staff and forced the hospital's closure between 25 July and 5 October. There was subsequently some debate as to whether the episode was of an infectious cause, or just an example of mass hysteria.^[5] The outbreak was later found to have been a notable case in the UK of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, and resulted in the coining of the disease's name.^[6]

Move to Hampstead

By the late 1960s the site on Gray's Inn Road had become too cramped, and a modern 12-storey cruciform tower block was built in Pond Street, Hampstead on the site of the former Hampstead General Hospital founded by William Heath Strange. It opened in 1974, and was officially opened by the Queen in 1978 on the Royal Free's 150th anniversary.^[1]

Meanwhile, the Eastman Dental Hospital took over the whole of the Gray's Inn Road site.^[1] The Royal Free was the first hospital in the UK to appoint a consultant in HIV medicine, in 1989. Professor Margaret Johnson, a specialist in thoracic medicine, built the Royal Free Centre for HIV Medicine, which is at the forefront of treatment of HIV-AIDS. The out-patients' centre was opened in 1992 by the actor Sir Ian McKellen and is named after the actor Ian Charleson.^[7]

MMR vaccine controversy

In February 1998, the Royal Free held a press conference to coincide with the publication in The Lancet of a paper by Andrew Wakefield who claimed to have found a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism. This started a controversy which led to a crisis in public confidence over MMR and a fall in uptake of the vaccine. Wakefield left the medical school in October 2001 and was later struck off the UK medical register by the General Medical Council^[8] following an investigation by The Sunday Times newspaper into the MMR issue.^[9]^[10]

Ekweremadu organ trafficking case

In February 2022 a Nigerian male was presented to a private renal unit at the Royal Free hospital, in an attempt to persuade doctors to carry out an £80,000 kidney transplant. For a fee, a medical secretary at the hospital acted as an interpreter between the man and the doctors, to try to convince them he was an altruistic donor. Later, Ike Ekweremadu was convicted of organ trafficking, along with his wife Beatrice, and a doctor, Obinna Obeta, with the aim of harvesting the man’s kidney for Ekweremadu's daughter, Sonia. The court heard that Chris Agbo, an NHS consultant nephrologist at Hinchingbrooke hospital in Cambridgeshire, was paid by the Ekweremadus to facilitate the proposed transplant. Agbo also helped arrange a previous successful kidney transplant at the Royal Free, involving another man suspected of being trafficked from Nigeria, the jury was told.^[11]^[12]

Education

For a long time, the Royal Free was the only London hospital allowing women to study medicine, forming an association with the London School of Medicine for Women, under which women from the school completed their clinical studies at the hospital, from 1877. Under the Deanship of Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, one of the school's founders, it became part of the University of London and in 1896 became known as the London Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine for Women. In 1998 it merged with the University College Hospital's medical school to form the Royal Free and University College Medical School, renamed the UCL Medical School in 2008.^[3]^[13]

Facilities

The Royal Free Hospital has a high-level isolation unit equipped to treat highly infectious diseases such as Ebola virus disease.^[14] In 2014, the British nurse William Pooley was successfully treated for Ebola virus disease at the unit.^[14] In December 2014, Pauline Cafferkey, a British health worker diagnosed with Ebola in Glasgow was transferred to the unit for treatment.^[15] The unit has also previously been used to treat a patient with Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever.^[16]

Significant advances in the fields of liver medicine (hepatology) and transplantation; renal disease and dialysis; haematology and haemophilia have been made at the Royal Free, and the trust now treats all patients needing dialysis in north and central London. The department of liver medicine is recognised as one of the leading research units of its type in the world: it was founded by Professor Dame Sheila Sherlock.^[17]

Performance

The hospital was rated 'good' by the Care Quality Commission in September 2017.^[18] In a report of the Care Quality Commission completed in May 2019, Royal Free Hospital's overall surgical safety rating was downgraded from "good" to "requires improvement", due to a "large number" of "never events"—incidents so serious they should never have happened—which were partially related to "poor behaviours" by a few consultants at the Royal Free London NHS Trust and failures of the Trust's management.^[19]

Transport

The Royal Free is near Belsize Park tube station and Hampstead Heath railway station, and on several bus routes. There are limited car parking facilities.^[20]

Notable staff

Rachael Annie Cox-Davies, matron from 1905 to 1922 and founding member of the Royal College of Nursing^[21]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k "Royal Free Hospital". Lost hospitals of London. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
^ About Us (PDF). Royal Free London. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
^ ^a ^b Royal Free History 2018.
^ Lynne A. Amidon, Illustrated History of the Royal Free Hospital (London: Special Trustees of the Royal Free Hospital, 1996)
^ Dawson J (February 1987). "Royal Free disease: perplexity continues". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 294 (6568): 327–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.294.6568.327. PMC 1245346. PMID 3028544.
^ A. Melvin Ramsay (1986). Postviral Fatigue Syndrome. The saga of Royal Free disease. Londen: Gower. ISBN 0-906923-96-4.
^ "Ian Charleson Day Centre". Royal Free Hospital. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
^ James Meikle, Sarah Boseley (24 May 2010). "MMR row doctor Andrew Wakefield struck off register". guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
^ Deer, Brian (22 February 2004). "Revealed: MMR research scandal". The Times. London: The Sunday Times. Retrieved 2 March 2010.^{[dead link]}
^ Deer B (8 February 2009). "MMR doctor Andrew Wakefield fixed data on autism". Sunday Times. London. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
^ Weaver, Matthew (5 May 2023). "Nigerian politician jailed for nine years in UK over organ trafficking plot". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
^ Weaver, Matthew (5 May 2023). "Met police investigate more organ trafficking cases in UK". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
^ UCL 2005.
^ ^a ^b "London's Royal Free Hospital: Why it is the UK's frontline defence against Ebola". The Daily Telegraph. 30 December 2014. Archived from the original on 30 December 2014.
^ "Ebola nurse Pauline Cafferkey transferred to London unit". BBC News. 30 December 2014.
^ Lisa O'Carroll (30 December 2014). "Treating Ebola: inside the Royal Free hospital's high-level isolation unit". The Guardian.
^ Booth, Christopher C. (2005). "Sherlock, Dame Sheila Patricia Violet". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/76674. Retrieved 26 January 2017. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ "The Royal Free Hospital". Care Quality Commission. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
^ "'Culture of bullying by surgeons' linked to Royal Free blunders". Evening Standard. 10 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
^ "How to get to the Royal Free Hospital". Royal Free London. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
^ "Davies, Rachael Annie Cox- (1862–1944), nurse". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-62126. Retrieved 28 December 2023.

Bibliography

"Our history". Royal Free London. NHS. 25 May 2018.
"London School of Medicine for Women". UCL Bloomsbury Project. UCL. 2005. Retrieved 25 May 2018.

External links

Official website
Royal Free Specials Pharmaceutical
UCL Medical School
Archives of the Royal Free Hospital held at the Royal Free Archive Centre Archived 2 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine
Royal Free Private Patients
Lists of Royal Free Hospital students
How British Women Became Doctors: The Story of the Royal Free Hospital and its Medical School - Neil McIntyre/Wenrowave Press 2014

[lost-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k "Royal Free Hospital". Lost hospitals of London. Retrieved 21 May 2018.

[2] About Us (PDF). Royal Free London. Retrieved 16 August 2021.

[FOOTNOTERoyal_Free_History2018-3] Royal Free History 2018.

[4] Lynne A. Amidon, Illustrated History of the Royal Free Hospital (London: Special Trustees of the Royal Free Hospital, 1996)

[pmid3028544-5] Dawson J (February 1987). "Royal Free disease: perplexity continues". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 294 (6568): 327–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.294.6568.327. PMC 1245346. PMID 3028544.

[Ramsay-RF-6] A. Melvin Ramsay (1986). Postviral Fatigue Syndrome. The saga of Royal Free disease. Londen: Gower. ISBN 0-906923-96-4.

[7] "Ian Charleson Day Centre". Royal Free Hospital. Retrieved 21 May 2018.

[8] James Meikle, Sarah Boseley (24 May 2010). "MMR row doctor Andrew Wakefield struck off register". guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 24 May 2010.

[9] Deer, Brian (22 February 2004). "Revealed: MMR research scandal". The Times. London: The Sunday Times. Retrieved 2 March 2010.^{[dead link]}

[Deer2009-10] Deer B (8 February 2009). "MMR doctor Andrew Wakefield fixed data on autism". Sunday Times. London. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 9 February 2009.

[11] Weaver, Matthew (5 May 2023). "Nigerian politician jailed for nine years in UK over organ trafficking plot". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 11 May 2023.

[12] Weaver, Matthew (5 May 2023). "Met police investigate more organ trafficking cases in UK". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 11 May 2023.

[FOOTNOTEUCL2005-13] UCL 2005.

[telegraph-11317106-14] "London's Royal Free Hospital: Why it is the UK's frontline defence against Ebola". The Daily Telegraph. 30 December 2014. Archived from the original on 30 December 2014.

[BBC-30629397-15] "Ebola nurse Pauline Cafferkey transferred to London unit". BBC News. 30 December 2014.

[16] Lisa O'Carroll (30 December 2014). "Treating Ebola: inside the Royal Free hospital's high-level isolation unit". The Guardian.

[17] Booth, Christopher C. (2005). "Sherlock, Dame Sheila Patricia Violet". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/76674. Retrieved 26 January 2017. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[18] "The Royal Free Hospital". Care Quality Commission. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2018.

[19] "'Culture of bullying by surgeons' linked to Royal Free blunders". Evening Standard. 10 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

[20] "How to get to the Royal Free Hospital". Royal Free London. Retrieved 16 August 2021.

[21] "Davies, Rachael Annie Cox- (1862–1944), nurse". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-62126. Retrieved 28 December 2023.

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Royal Free Hospital

History

Early history

Royal Free disease

Move to Hampstead

MMR vaccine controversy

Ekweremadu organ trafficking case

Education

Facilities

Performance

Transport

Notable staff

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

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