San Miguel Church has around 1,500 regular parishioners, some of whom are descended from old, rich families in the district.[3] It is also notably the only Catholic church in the country where priests (instead of bishops) have canonical dispensation to administer the Sacrament of Confirmation twice a week.[3]
San Miguel Church was first built in stone in 1603 by the Jesuits in Paco, Manila (formerly known as Dilao). In the 17th and early 18th centuries, there was an increase in the number of Japanese expatriates in that area, where they established a community.[5] In 1611, the Jesuits and Filipino Catholics accommodated the Japanese Christians who were persecuted by the Tokugawa Shogunate.[6] It was BlessedDom Justo Takayama (高山右近), a daimyō or feudal lord, who led a group of approximately 300 Japanese Christians to the Philippines in 1614. According to some sources, the parish was named after Saint Michael, because most of the Japanese who arrived were of the samurai or warrior class.[7][better source needed]
The church served as the pro-cathedral of the Archdiocese of Manila while Manila Cathedral was being rebuilt from 1946 to 1958 following the city's destruction in World War II. It was elevated to the rank of a national shrine in 1986.[4][6] The church follows European Baroque architecture and features symmetrical bell towers.
Notable events
Church interior in 2023
On May 1, 1954, Ilocos Norterepresentative and later president Ferdinand E. Marcos married beauty queen Imelda Romuáldez in the shrine (at the time still the pro-cathedral). Their wedding, which followed almost two weeks of courtship, was tagged as the Wedding of the Year, with President Ramon Magsaysay standing as principal sponsor.[8] Interestingly, Imelda's parents Vicente Orestes Romualdez & Remedios Trinidad were also wedded in the church (albeit at dawn, at the insistence of the groom's mother) in 1928, while her father's first wife Juanita Acereda (died 1926) is also interred in the church.[9]
Archbishop Gabriel M. Reyes, the archdiocese's first Filipino ordinary who served from 1949 to 1952, was initially buried in the shrine before his remains were transferred to the crypt of Manila Cathedral.[3] Also buried in the church are the remains of Don Domingo Róxas, patriarch of the Zóbel-de Ayala-Róxas-Soriano clans.[5]
Gallery
Northern flank of the church, with its façade and twin belfries to the right
Statue of Saint Michael fighting the Devil, depicted as a dragon, in the parvise of the church