Timeline of Lahore

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lahore, Pakistan.

Prior to 11th century

664/682 CE – City besieged by Muslim forces led by Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra.^[1]^[2]

11th–15th centuries

1022 CE – Mahmud of Ghazni ousts Hindu rulers; Malik Ayaz in power.^[1]
1157 – City becomes Muslim Ghaznavid capital.^[3]
1241 – City sacked by Mongols.^[4]
1267 – Lahore Fort rebuilt.

16th–17th centuries

1524 – Mughal Babur in power.^[1]
1530 – Mir Yunis Ali becomes governor.^[5]
1560 – Masjid Niwin (mosque) built.^[6]
1566 - Lahore Fort built.^[6]
1584 – Mughal Akbar relocates capital to Lahore.^[1]
1622 – Court of Mughal Jehangir established.^[3]
1627
- Khwabgah palace built.^[6]
- Tomb of Jahangir built in Shahdara Bagh near city.
1632 – Shish Mahal (palace) built at Lahore Fort.^[7]
1634 – Wazir Khan Mosque built.^[6]
1635 – Moti Masjid (mosque) built at Lahore Fort.
1637
- Shalimar Gardens laid out near city.^[6]
- Badshahi Mosque built in 1673
1649 – Dai Anga Mosque built.
1673 – Badshahi Mosque built.^[6]

18th century

1739 – City captured by Persian forces under the command of Nader Shah.
1748 – Ahmed Shah Durrani in power.^[8]
1753 – Sunehri Mosque built in Dubbi Bazaar area.^[9]
1758 – Lahore Fort captured by Maratha forces under Raghunath Rao.
1759 – Marathas defeat the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Lahore.^[10]
1765 - Lehna Singh and Gujar Singh of the Sikh Bhangi Misl (Punjab), occupy Lahore.^[11]
1779 - Timur Shah Returns to Punjab to Punish the Sikhs (1776-1780)

1798 – Ranjit Singh in power.^[8]
1799 – Ranjit Singh occupies Lahore.^[12]^[13] and shifts his capital from Gujrawala.

19th century

1813–1818 – Hazuri Bagh Baradari built.
1846 – British Council of Regency of the Punjab established.^[14]
1849
- 3 January: British East India Company in power.^[15]
- Lahore Chronicle newspaper begins publication.^[16]
1850s – Grand Trunk Road Peshawar-Lahore extension constructed (approximate date).^[17]
1858 November 1 – British Crown in power.^[1]
1859 – Masonic Temple built in Anarkali.
1860
- Amritsar-Lahore train begins operating.^[18]
- Lahore Junction railway station built.
1861 – Lahore Canal built (approximate date).
1864 – Government College and Rang Mahal School founded.
1868 – Population: 125,413.^[14]
1872
- Lahore Zoo founded.^[6]
- Civil and Military Gazette begins publication.
1875 – Mayo School of Industrial Art established.
1880 – Faletti's Hotel in business.
1881
- Tribune newspaper begins publication.^[16]
- Population: 149,369.^[19]
1882 – Punjab University^[20] and Lahore Bar Association founded.
1883 – Central Model School established.^[18]
1884 – Punjab Public Library established.^[21]
1885 – Punjab Civil Secretariat Library founded.^[21]
1886
- Aitchison College founded.^[15]
- Khalsa Akhbar Lahore Punjabi-language newspaper begins publication.
1887
- General Post Office, Lahore built.
- Anglican Cathedral Church of the Resurrection consecrated.^[6]
1889
- Lahore High Court building constructed.
- Railway Technical School established.^[18]
1890 – New town hall built.
1892 – Punjab Textbook Board Library established.^[21]
1894 – Lahore Museum opens.^[22]^[23]
1898 – April: Punjab Assembly passes first law.^[24]

20th century

1901 – Population: 202,964.^[6]
1904 - Sacred Heart Cathedral completed.
1908 – Dyal Singh Trust Library established.
1909 – Punjab Chiefs' Association headquartered in city.^[25]
1915 – Lahore Conspiracy Case trial held.
1921
- Model Town suburb established.
- Mughalpura Technical College founded.
1924 – Punjab Archival Museum and record office established.^[26]
1928 – Armoury Museum established in Lahore Fort.^[27]
1935 – Punjab Assembly Chamber built.^[28]
1940
- March: City hosts Lahore Resolution proceedings of the All-India Muslim League.
- Nawa-i-Waqt Urdu-language newspaper begins publication.^[29]
1941
- Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan political party headquartered in city.^[29]
- Population: 671,659.^[30]

Independence

1947
- Riots.^[31]
- 15 August: City becomes part of West Punjab province of Pakistan.
1948 - Chatan newspaper begins publication.^[29]
1951
- Institute of Islamic Culture established.^[22]
- Population: 849,476.^[32]
1952 – Lahore newspaper begins publication.^[29]
1953 – 6 March: Martial Law promulgated in Lahore to control disturbances against Ahmadis.^{[citation needed]}
1955 – City becomes capital of West Pakistan.^[30]
1959 – Gaddafi Stadium built.
1964 – 26 November: Pakistan Television Lahore Station inaugurated.^{[citation needed]}
1965 – Indo-Pakistani War.
1968 – Minar-e-Pakistan constructed in Iqbal Park.
1970
- Lahore Stock Exchange founded.
- Pakistan Monitor newspaper begins publication.^[16]
1972 – Population: 2,165,372.^[33]
1974 – City hosts Islamic Summit Conference. Recognized former East Pakistan as Bangladesh. ^{[citation needed]}
1975 – Lahore Development Authority established.
1976 – Samjhota Express Amritsar-Lahore train begins operating.^{[citation needed]}
1977 – Allama Iqbal Museum inaugurated.^[27]^[34]
1981
- Minhaj-ul-Quran International (Islamic organization) founded.^[35]
- Population: 2,952,689.^[36]
- Lahore Zoo Safari established.
1983 – Ajoka (theatre group) formed.^[37]
1984 – Lahore University of Management Sciences and Lahore Conservation Society^[38] established.
1985 – Punjab Lok Rehas (theatre group) formed.^[37]
1986 – The Nation newspaper begins publication.^[29]
1989 – The Friday Times begins publication.
1990
- Lahore Drama School^[37] and Institute of Leadership and Management founded.
- Daily Pakistan newspaper begins publication.^[29]
- February: 1990 Men's Hockey World Cup held.
1991 – Pearl Mosque built.^[9]
1992 – Alhamra Arts Council building constructed.
1993 – Zahoor ul Akhlaq Gallery established at the National College of Arts Lahore.^[39]
1996 – Lahore Post begins publication.
1997 – Lahore-Islamabad Motorway completed.
1998 – Population: 5,143,495.^[40]
1999
- 21 February: City hosts signing of the India-Pakistan Lahore Declaration regarding nuclear armaments.
- University of Lahore established.

21st century

2001 – Lahore City District divided into nine towns: Aziz Bhatti Town, Data Gunj Bakhsh Town, Gulberg Town, Iqbal Town, Lahore Cantonment, Ravi Town, Samanabad Town, Shalimar Town, Wagah Town.
2002 – Daily Times begins publication.
2003
- Allama Iqbal International Airport inaugurated.
- 11 July: Delhi-Lahore bus service resumes after suspension of 18 months.^{[citation needed]}
2006 – Pakistan Fashion Design Council headquartered in city.^[41]
2007
- March: Lawyers' Movement begins.^[42]
- DHA Cinema opens.^[43]
- Expo Centre Lahore built in Johar Town.
2009 – Software Technology Park and Alamgir Tower Lahore built.
2010
- February: PFDC Sunsilk Fashion Week begins.^[41]
- 28 May: Attacks on Ahmadi mosques.
- 1 July: Bombings at Data Durbar Shrine.
- 1 September: Bombings.
- Vogue Towers opens.
- Air pollution in Lahore reaches annual mean of 68 PM2.5 and 198 PM10, much higher than recommended.^[44]
2011 – The Lahore Times begins publication.
2012 – 11 September: Garment factory fire.
2013
- February: Metrobus (Lahore) begins operating.^[45]
- February: Lahore Literary Festival inaugurated.^[46]
- March: Anti-Christian riot.^[47]
- 6 July: Bombing in Old Anarkali district.
2014 - Grand Jamia Mosque inaugurated.
2017 - Population: 11,126,285.^[48]
2018 - Pakistan's Supreme Court quashed the conviction (under Blasphemy Law) and ordered the release of 47-year-old Aasia Bibi, a Christian woman from a village in Punjab province who had been on death row for eight years.^[49]
2019
- 11 December: Attack on Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore.
2020
- 11 December: The statue of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (placed in Lahore Fort) was vandalized by an extremist who broke the left arm of statue. The man was immediately caught by a security guard and was later on arrested by Lahore Police.^[50]
- 13 December: Pakistan Democratic Movement (a collation of 11 opposition parties) organized a power show at Minar-e-Pakistan (Greater Iqbal Park, Lahore) against the ruling government of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf.^[51]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Lahore". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. p. 522+. ISBN 9781884964046.
^ Wink 2002, p. 121.
^ ^a ^b "Lahore Profile: History". City Government Lahore. City District Government Lahore. Archived from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ Cyril Glasse (2008), New Encyclopedia of Islam (3rd ed.), Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0742562967
^ Michael Brand (c. 2002). "Lahore Chronology". Gardens of the Mughal Empire. Washington DC: Smithsonian Productions. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lahore" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 81–82.
^ World Heritage Centre. "Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore". World Heritage List. UNESCO. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b J. Thomas; T. Baldwin, eds. (1868), "Lahore", Lippincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer (2nd ed.), Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co.
^ ^a ^b ArchNet.org. "Lahore". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ "Marathas and the English Company 1707–1818 by Sanderson Beck". san.beck.org. Retrieved 2015-04-10.
^ Gupta H.R. (1982). History of the Sikhs, vol. IV. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 225.
^ Gupta H.R. (1982). History of the Sikhs, vol. V. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 29.
^ Bhagat Singh (1990). Maharaja Ranjit Singh and His Times. Sehgal Publishers Service. p. 436. ISBN 81-85477-01-9.
^ ^a ^b "Lahore", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
^ ^a ^b John F. Riddick (2006), History of British India, Praeger Publishers, ISBN 9780313322808
^ ^a ^b ^c "Lahore (Pakistan) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ Company, East India; Mill, John Stuart (1858), Memorandum of the Improvements in the Administration of India During the Last Thirty Years: And the Petition of the East-India Company to Parliament
^ ^a ^b ^c Syad Muhammad Latif (1892). Lahore: its history, architectural remains and antiquities, with an account of its modern institutions, inhabitants, their trade, customs, &c. Lahore: Printed at the New Imperial Press.
^ Edward Balfour (1885), "Lahore", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch
^ Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, OL 6112221M
^ ^a ^b ^c "Pakistan". World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (3rd ed.). Chicago: American Library Association. 1993. ISBN 0838906095.
^ ^a ^b "Information and Culture: Institutions". Punjab Portal. Government of the Punjab. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ Percy Brown (1908), Lahore Museum, Punjab: A Descriptive Guide to the Department of Archaeology & Antiquities, Lahore: Printed at the Civil and Military Gazette Press, OCLC 44611240, OL 23293985M
^ "About Assembly". Lahore: Provincial Assembly of The Punjab. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ Partap Singh (1911), The Punjab Chiefs' Association, Lahore: Tribune Press, OL 7066214M
^ "Services and General Administration Department: Frequently Asked Questions". Punjab Portal. Government of the Punjab. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Museums and Galleries in Pakistan". Islamabad: National Fund for Cultural Heritage. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ "Building of the Assembly". Lahore: Provincial Assembly of The Punjab. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Pakistan". Far East and Australasia 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2002. p. 1160+. ISBN 9781857431339.
^ ^a ^b Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Mass., USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OCLC 3832886, OL 5812502M
^ Ian Talbot (2007), "A Tale of Two Cities: The Aftermath of Partition for Lahore and Amritsar 1947–1957", Modern Asian Studies, 41 (1): 151–185, doi:10.1017/s0026749x05002337, JSTOR 4132347, S2CID 143274396
^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Raza Noor. "Lahore Sites of Interest". Lahore. Edmonton, Canada. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ John L. Esposito (2011), What everyone needs to know about Islam (2nd ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199794133
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Don Rubin; et al., eds. (2001), "Pakistan", World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia/Pacific, Routledge, ISBN 9780415260879
^ "With Lahore in his Veins". Dawn. 6 December 2003.
^ "Gallery". National College of Arts Lahore. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b "About the Pakistan Fashion Design Council". Lahore: Pakistan Fashion Design Council. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ James Traub (1 June 2008). "Lawyer's Crusade". New York Times. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ "Movie Theaters in Lahore, Pakistan". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on March 28, 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Lahore's rapid transit system". Business Recorder. Karachi. 20 February 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ Declan Walsh (6 March 2013). "Pakistan, Under Cultural Siege, Is Buoyed by Book Festivals". New York Times. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ "Pakistan arrests scores over Lahore anti-Christian riot". BBC News. 10 March 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
^ Pakistan - Events in 2018, Human Rights Watch, 20 December 2018
^ "Statue of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in Lahore vandalised by a man because Singh had converted a mosque into a horse stable". 12 December 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
^ "PDM supporters attend the public meeting at Minar-i-Pakistan on 13th December (Sunday)". 14 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Lahore". Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
C. Masson (September–November 1840), "Memorandum on Lahore, the Sikhs, their Kingdom and its Dependencies", Proceedings of the Bombay Geographical Society
Charles Masson (1842), "Lahore", Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan, and the Panjab, London: Richard Bentley
J.H. Stocqueler (1854), "Lahore", Hand-book of British India (3rd ed.), London: Allen and Co.
"Lahore". Street's Indian and Colonial Mercantile Directory for 1870. London: Street. 1870.
Thornton, Thomas Henry. A Brief Account of the History and Antiquities of Lahore. Lahore: Government Civil Secretariat Press, 1873.
Thomas Henry Thornton; John Lockwood Kipling (1876). Lahore. Lahore: Printed at the Government Civil Secretariat Press.
Kanhaiya Lal. (1884) Tarikh-e-Lahore. Lahore, Pakistan: Aslam Asmat Printers.
Edward Thornton (1886), "Lahore", in Roper Lethbridge and Arthur N. Wollaston (ed.), Gazetteer of the Territories under the Government of the Viceroy of India, London: W. H. Allen & Co., OCLC 710600
Edwin Lord Weeks (1894), "Lahore and the Punjab", Harper's New Monthly Magazine, vol. 89, pp. 650–672, hdl:2027/njp.32101064076175
Joachim Hayward Stocqueler (1900), "Lahore", The Oriental Interpreter and Treasury of East India Knowledge, London: Cox

Published in 20th century

1900s–1940s

"Lahore", A Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon (8th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1911
"Lahore" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 81–82.
H.A. Newell (c. 1921). Lahore (Capital of the Punjab): A guide to places of interest, with history and map (2nd ed.). Bombay.
Lahore and some of its Historical Monuments. Lahore: Superintendent, Government Printing Press, 1927.
Gulshan Lal Chopra. A Short History of Lahore and its Monuments. Lahore: 1937.
"Lahawr". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 5. Leiden: E.J. Brill. c. 1938. OCLC 39715711.

1950s–1990s

Muhammad Baqir (1952). Lahore, past and present; being an account of Lahore compiled from original sources. Lahore: Panjab University Press. OCLC 8816775.
Lahore Development Authority. Lahore Urban Development and Traffic Study. 5 vols. Lahore, 1980.
Lahore Development Authority. The Walled City of Lahore. Lahore, 1981.
Samuel V. Noe. “Old Lahore and Old Delhi: Variations on a Mughal Theme.” Ekistics XLIX (1982), pp. 306–19.
Mohammed A. Qadeer. Lahore, Urban Development in the Third World. Lahore: Vanguard Books, 1983.
Ahmad Nabi Khan. “Lahore: the Darus Saltanat of the Moghul Empire under Akbar (1556–1605).” Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan XXI, no.3 (1984), pp. 1–22.
Muhammad Saeed (1989). Lahore, A Memoir. Lahore: Vanguard. ISBN 9694020085.
F.S. Aijazuddin. Lahore: Illustrated Views of the 19th Century. Lahore: Vanguard Books, Ltd., 1991.
Ajaz Anwar (1996). Old Lahore (3rd ed.). Lahore.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Ajaz Anwar (1997), "Lahore and Delhi: Two Sides of a Mirror", India International Centre Quarterly, 24 (2/3): 274–283, JSTOR 23005453
Som Anand (1998). Lahore, portrait of a lost city. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
Nazir Ahmad Chaudhry. A Short History of Lahore and Some of Its Monuments. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000.

Published in 21st century

Journal of Asian Civilizations XXIV, no. 2 (2001). Special issue on Lahore in the Ghaznavid period.
F.S. Aijazuddin. Lahore Recollected: An Album. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publishers, 2003.
Y. Lari. Lahore – Illustrated City Guide. Karachi, Pakistan: Heritage Foundation Pakistan 2003.
Mohammad Rafiq Khan (2006), "Banning Two-stroke Auto-rickshaws in Lahore: Policy Implications", Pakistan Development Review, 45 (4), Pakistan Institute of Development Economics: 1169–1185, doi:10.30541/v45i4IIpp.1169-1185, JSTOR 41260675
P. Jackson; P.A. Andrews (2007). "Lahore (Lahawr)". In C.E. Bosworth (ed.). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 299+. ISBN 9789004153882.
Ian Talbot. Divided Cities: Partition and Its aftermath in Lahore and Amritsar, 1947–1957. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2006.
William J. Glover (2007), Making Lahore Modern: Constructing and Imagining a Colonial City, USA: Univ of Minnesota Press, ISBN 9780816650217
Abdul Rehman (2009), "Changing Concepts of Garden Design in Lahore from Mughal to Contemporary Times", Garden History, 37 (2): 205–217, JSTOR 27821596

External links

"Pakistan: Lahore". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture.
"Lahore 100 Years ago". Islamabad: National Fund for Cultural Heritage. (photographs)
Europeana. Items related to Lahore
British Library. Items related to Lahore
Sarfraz Ahmad (9 March 2012). "Lahore History". Audacity of a Pakistani (blog).

[salkin1996-1] Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Lahore". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. p. 522+. ISBN 9781884964046.

[2] Wink 2002, p. 121.

[city-history-3] "Lahore Profile: History". City Government Lahore. City District Government Lahore. Archived from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[4] Cyril Glasse (2008), New Encyclopedia of Islam (3rd ed.), Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0742562967

[brand-5] Michael Brand (c. 2002). "Lahore Chronology". Gardens of the Mughal Empire. Washington DC: Smithsonian Productions. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[brit1910-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lahore" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 81–82.

[7] World Heritage Centre. "Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore". World Heritage List. UNESCO. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[lipp1868-8] J. Thomas; T. Baldwin, eds. (1868), "Lahore", Lippincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer (2nd ed.), Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co.

[archnet-9] ArchNet.org. "Lahore". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[10] "Marathas and the English Company 1707–1818 by Sanderson Beck". san.beck.org. Retrieved 2015-04-10.

[11] Gupta H.R. (1982). History of the Sikhs, vol. IV. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 225.

[12] Gupta H.R. (1982). History of the Sikhs, vol. V. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 29.

[13] Bhagat Singh (1990). Maharaja Ranjit Singh and His Times. Sehgal Publishers Service. p. 436. ISBN 81-85477-01-9.

[chambers1901-14] "Lahore", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901

[riddick2006-15] John F. Riddick (2006), History of British India, Praeger Publishers, ISBN 9780313322808

[worldcat-16] "Lahore (Pakistan) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[17] Company, East India; Mill, John Stuart (1858), Memorandum of the Improvements in the Administration of India During the Last Thirty Years: And the Petition of the East-India Company to Parliament

[Latif1892-18] Syad Muhammad Latif (1892). Lahore: its history, architectural remains and antiquities, with an account of its modern institutions, inhabitants, their trade, customs, &c. Lahore: Printed at the New Imperial Press.

[balfour1885-19] Edward Balfour (1885), "Lahore", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch

[lippincott1952-20] Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, OL 6112221M

[ala1993-21] "Pakistan". World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (3rd ed.). Chicago: American Library Association. 1993. ISBN 0838906095.

[punjab-institutions-22] "Information and Culture: Institutions". Punjab Portal. Government of the Punjab. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[23] Percy Brown (1908), Lahore Museum, Punjab: A Descriptive Guide to the Department of Archaeology & Antiquities, Lahore: Printed at the Civil and Military Gazette Press, OCLC 44611240, OL 23293985M

[24] "About Assembly". Lahore: Provincial Assembly of The Punjab. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[25] Partap Singh (1911), The Punjab Chiefs' Association, Lahore: Tribune Press, OL 7066214M

[26] "Services and General Administration Department: Frequently Asked Questions". Punjab Portal. Government of the Punjab. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[ngch-27] "Museums and Galleries in Pakistan". Islamabad: National Fund for Cultural Heritage. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[28] "Building of the Assembly". Lahore: Provincial Assembly of The Punjab. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[europa2003-29] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Pakistan". Far East and Australasia 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2002. p. 1160+. ISBN 9781857431339.

[webster1960-30] Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Mass., USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OCLC 3832886, OL 5812502M

[talbot2007-31] Ian Talbot (2007), "A Tale of Two Cities: The Aftermath of Partition for Lahore and Amritsar 1947–1957", Modern Asian Studies, 41 (1): 151–185, doi:10.1017/s0026749x05002337, JSTOR 4132347, S2CID 143274396

[32] "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.

[33] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[noor-sites-34] Raza Noor. "Lahore Sites of Interest". Lahore. Edmonton, Canada. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[35] John L. Esposito (2011), What everyone needs to know about Islam (2nd ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199794133

[36] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[rubin2001-37] Don Rubin; et al., eds. (2001), "Pakistan", World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia/Pacific, Routledge, ISBN 9780415260879

[38] "With Lahore in his Veins". Dawn. 6 December 2003.

[39] "Gallery". National College of Arts Lahore. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[40] "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[pfdc-41] "About the Pakistan Fashion Design Council". Lahore: Pakistan Fashion Design Council. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[42] James Traub (1 June 2008). "Lawyer's Crusade". New York Times. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[treasures-43] "Movie Theaters in Lahore, Pakistan". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[44] World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on March 28, 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[45] "Lahore's rapid transit system". Business Recorder. Karachi. 20 February 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[46] Declan Walsh (6 March 2013). "Pakistan, Under Cultural Siege, Is Buoyed by Book Festivals". New York Times. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[47] "Pakistan arrests scores over Lahore anti-Christian riot". BBC News. 10 March 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[48] "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

[49] Pakistan - Events in 2018, Human Rights Watch, 20 December 2018

[50] "Statue of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in Lahore vandalised by a man because Singh had converted a mosque into a horse stable". 12 December 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.

[51] "PDM supporters attend the public meeting at Minar-i-Pakistan on 13th December (Sunday)". 14 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.

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[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

Timeline of Lahore

Prior to 11th century

11th–15th centuries

16th–17th centuries

18th century

19th century

20th century

Independence

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

Published in 20th century

Published in 21st century

External links

Read other articles:

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