The peace of the Treaty of Zürich had left the question of the United Provinces unsettled.[1] This led to a period of negotiations and eventually to the Treaty of Turin during Napoleon III faced pressure from Austria through their ambassador Richard von Metternich to halt Sardinian expansion[2] and restore Ferdinand IV who had been deposed as Grand Duke of Tuscany and was a cousin of Austrian emperor Franz Joseph I.[2] The Austrians saw Savoia-Carignano, a member of the same dynasty as Victor Emmanuel II, as unacceptably likely to promote annexation by Sardinia.[3] At the urging of Napoleon III, Victor Emmanuel II refused to allow Savoia-Cariagnano to accept,[3] instead sending Carlo Bon Compagni[4] as the Governor General of Central Italy, who was responsible for the diplomatic and military affairs of the states.