Warehouse (nightclub)

Warehouse
Warehouse
General information
Address	206 South Jefferson Street, Chicago, Illinois
Known for	Birthplace of house music

The Warehouse is a historic building located in Chicago, Illinois in the United States, best known for the same-named nightclub catering to the gay and alternative communities that was established in 1977 under the direction of Robert "Robbie" Williams. It was Robbie Williams who on promotional posters would describe events at the Warehouse as 'house' parties or 'house' music. As such, the Warehouse is best known as the namesake for, and one of the origins of, house music. The Warehouse is specifically associated with Chicago house, and was the genre's birthplace under its first musical director, DJ Frankie Knuckles.

The building was designated as a Chicago Landmark on June 21, 2023.^[1]

Description

A broad range of dance music was played at the Warehouse; however, first and foremost were R'n'B and Disco. Knuckles experimented with different possibilities of developing an original expression, mixing disco music with European electronic music.^{[citation needed]} DJ History reports: "The style of music now known as house was so named after a shortened version of his [Knuckles'] club."^[2]

Located at 206 South Jefferson Street in Chicago,^[3] the club was made out of a three-story former factory. The Warehouse drew in around five hundred patrons from midnight Saturday to midday Sunday. The Warehouse was patronized primarily by gay black and Latino men,^[4] who came to dance to disco music played by the club's resident DJ, Frankie Knuckles. Admission was five dollars and the club offered free juice and water to dancers. In the middle floor is where DJ Knuckles began to experiment with editing disco breaks on a reel-to-tape recorder. This mixing would soon become the beginnings of the house music genre.^[5]

The Warehouse became a hub for the people of Chicago, specifically black gay men. It was compared to a religious and spiritual experience.^[6] At the time, many black gay men felt excluded from the religious communities that they had been raised in. This contributed to the culture created at the Warehouse. It was a place where people could be open and "this sexual openness enabled the club to be unusually free of aggression”.^[6]

Chicago house was a specifically black gay genre in many ways for many years and the Warehouse was a specific space that cultivated that scene in a safe way. Black music was at the heart of the disco era and it is impossible to separate the roots of disco from the disenfranchised queer people of color that flocked to it. House is connected to disco in that "it mutated the form, intensifying the very aspects of the music that most offended white rockers and black funkateers: the mechanic repetition, the synthetic and electronic textures, the rootlessness, the ‘depraved’ hypersexuality and ‘decadent’ druggy hedonism."^[5]

The Warehouse was a place that allowed house music to flourish as a continuation of disco under Frankie Knuckles. It continued the tradition of making music for the club, for people to truly feel and to create a holy dance atmosphere and experience over just trying to make something that could get hits on the radio or top 40 charts. "The stomping four-to-the-floor kick-drum would become the defining mark of house music."^[5] Knuckles also used to alter songs by adding synthetic handclaps, special hi-hat patterns and bass loops. This way, he pushed the boundaries of how a song is supposed to sound and how a song can be manipulated to fit a club setting.

Changes

After the Warehouse doubled its admission fee in late 1982, it grew more commercial. Knuckles decided to leave and start his own club the Power Plant, and later the Powerhouse,^[7] to which his devoted followers followed. In response, the Warehouse's owners founded the Music Box (located 326 N Michigan Ave, from 1983 until 1988) and hired a new DJ named Ron Hardy,^[8] who became quite influential for the development of house music himself.

Frankie Knuckles tributes

In 2004, the city of Chicago – which "became notorious in the dance community around the world for passing the so-called 'anti-rave ordinance' in 2000 that made property owners, promoters and deejays subject to $10,000 fines for being involved in an unlicensed dance party"^[9] – named a stretch of street in downtown Chicago^[10] after Knuckles, where the old Warehouse once stood, on Jefferson Street between Jackson Boulevard and Madison Street in Chicago's West Loop.^[11] On August 25, 2004, the city renamed the block "Frankie Knuckles Way" and declared August 25 to be Frankie Knuckles Day.^[12] Future United States President Barack Obama was among the advocates for the change as an Illinois state senator.^[13]

References

^ "Birthplace of House Music Designated as Chicago Landmark". Chicago Dep. of Pl. and Dev., Landmarks Div. 2023. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
^ Bill Brewster: "Def Mix: The house that Judy built", at www.DJ History.com [archived on www.archive.org], 2007.
^ Ferguson, Joshua P. (October 8, 2009). "Frankie Knuckles – Interview". Time Out Chicago. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
^ "House". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 1, 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c Simon Reynolds: Generation Ecstasy. Into the World of Techno and Rave Culture. New York: Routledge 1999.
^ ^a ^b Bill Brewster/Frank Broughton: Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey, London: Headline 1999.
^ "Frankie Knuckles at Power House Club" on YouTube
^ Snoman, Rick (2009). The Dance Music Manual: Tools, Toys, and Techniques — Second Edition. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Press. p. 233
^ "Will America's love of dance music go the distance?", Greg Kot, BBC Culture, October 21, 2014
^ "Frankie Knuckles: House pioneer dies aged 59". BBC. April 1, 2014.
^ Greg Kot (April 1, 2004). Chicago Tribune.
^ "Frankie's Day". Windy City Times. September 1, 2004.
^ Lars Brandle (April 1, 2014). "Frankie Knuckles, House Music Legend, Dies at 59". The Guardian.

External links

The Warehouse/Music Box, Chicago – Clubbers Guide to Life from Ministry of Sound. Retrieved on September 6, 2007.
Cheeseman, Phil. "The History of House Music". TruGroovez History of House Music. TruGroovez.Com. Archived from the original on February 7, 2005. Retrieved February 7, 2005.
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