William Waddington

His Excellency
William Waddington
His Excellency William Waddington
France's Ambassador to the United Kingdom
	In office; 1883–1893
Preceded by	Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour
Succeeded by	Alphonse Chodron, baron de Courcel
Prime Minister of France
	In office; 4 February 1879 – 28 December 1879
President	Jules Grévy
Preceded by	Jules Dufaure
Succeeded by	Charles de Freycinet
Personal details
Born	11 December 1826; Saint-Rémy-sur-Avre
Died	13 January 1894 (aged 67); Paris
Political party	None
Spouses	; Mathilde Lutteroth (m. 1850; died 1852) ; Mary Alsop King (m. 1874)
Children	Henri Waddington; Francis Richard Waddington
Parent(s)	Thomas Waddington; Anne Chisholm
Relatives	Richard Waddington (brother); Charles Waddington (cousin); Walter Shirley (uncle)
Education	Rugby School
Alma mater	Trinity College, Cambridge
Awards	Grand-Croix, Légion d'honneur

William Henry Waddington (11 December 1826 – 13 January 1894) was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister in 1879, and as an Ambassador of France to London.

Early life and education

Waddington was born at the Château of Saint-Rémy in Eure-et-Loir, the son of a rich British industrialist, Thomas Waddington, whose family had established a large cotton manufacturing business in France, Établissements Waddington fils et Cie.

His father and mother Anne (née Chisholm) were both naturalised French citizens, and Waddington received his early education at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. He was then sent to Rugby School in Britain, supervised by his uncle Walter Shirley. After Rugby, he was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge; he took an MA degree, having won Second Prize in Classics as well as the prestigious Chancellor's Gold Medal.^[1]

Waddington rowed in the victorious Cambridge eight in the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race on the Thames in race of March 1849; he did not take part in the repeat race in December that year, which Oxford won.^[2]

Career

Archaeological research

Returning to France, Waddington devoted himself for some years to archaeological research. He travelled throughout Asia Minor, Greece and Syria, and his experiences and discoveries are detailed in two Mémoires, the first produced by the French Institute and subsequently in his Mélanges de numismatique et de philologie ("Numismatic and Philological Miscellanies", 1861).^[3]

Except for his essay on "The Protestant Church in France", published in 1856 in Cambridge Essays, his remaining works all concerned archaeology. They include his Fastes des Provinces Asiatiques de l'Empire Romain ("The Governor-Lists of the Asiatic Provinces of the Roman Empire", 1872), and editions of Diocletian's Edict on Maximum Prices and of Philippe Le Bas' Voyage archéologique (1868–1877).^[3]

A Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, in 1865, Waddington was also elected a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.^[3]

Chamber of Deputies

After contesting the seat of the Aisne for the Chamber of Deputies unsuccessfully in 1865 and 1860, Waddington was elected as Deputy in January 1871. In 1873, he was appointed Minister of Public Instruction in Prime Minister Dufaure's short-lived second government of 18–24 May 1873.^[4]

Senator for the Aisne

On 30 January 1876, he was elected Senator for Aisne^[5] and was again nominated by Prime Minister Dufaure to the ministerial brief of Public Instruction. He was charged with devising a Bill transferring extra powers to the State, a tricky task which he negotiated through the Chamber, but was defeated in the Senate. He continued to hold office under Jules Simon's premiership until being thrown out during the Seize mai constitutional crisis (16 May 1877).

The triumph of the Republicans in the following October 1877 General Election returned Waddington to government as Minister of Foreign Affairs, again under Prime Minister Dufaure. He was one of the French plenipotentiaries at the Berlin Congress (1878). The cession of Cyprus to the United Kingdom was, at first, perceived by the French newspapers as a great blow to his diplomatic reputation, until it became clear that his discussions with Lord Salisbury had resulted in Britain's agreement to allow France a free hand in Tunisia. In 1885, he was re-elected for the senate.^[5]

Prime Minister of France

Early in 1879 Waddington agreed to take over from Jules Dufaure as a caretaker Prime Minister with the agreement of Léon Gambetta. He kept peace between the radicals and the reactionaries till the delay of urgent reforms lost him the support of all parties. He stepped down on 27 December.^[3]

He refused the immediate offer of ambassadorship to London, preferring to take up the role in 1880 of rapporteur to the parliamentary committee for the Scrutin de liste (of elections); he delivered an adverse judgment.^[3]

Waddington's Government, 5 February – 28 December 1879

William Henry Waddington – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
Henri François Xavier Gresley – Minister of Defence
Émile de Marcère – Minister of the Interior and Worship
Léon Say – Minister of Finance
Philippe Le Royer – Minister of Justice
Jean Bernard Jauréguiberry – Minister of Marine and Colonies
Jules Ferry – Minister of Public Instruction
Charles de Freycinet – Minister of Public Works
Adolphe Cochery – Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
Charles Lepère – Minister of Agriculture and Commerce

Ministerial changes

4 March 1879 – Charles Lepère succeeded Marcère as Minister of the Interior and Worship; and Pierre Tirard succeeded Lepère as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce.

French Ambassador to London

In 1883 Waddington accepted the appointment and dignity of Ambassadeur de France to London. He held this post for ten years until 1893, during which time his wife, Mary Alsop King, wrote some recollections of their diplomatic experiences – Letters of a Diplomat's Wife, 1883–1900 (New York, 1903), and Italian Letters of a Diplomat's Wife (1904), which were published after her husband's death.^[3]

Personal life

Waddington's first wife, whom he married in 1850, was Mathilde (died 1852), daughter of the banker, Henri Lutteroth [fr]; they had a son Henri (1852–1939), a captain in the Chasseurs Alpins (French Army), who married Émilie de La Robertie.

In Paris in 1874, Waddington married his second wife, Mary Alsop King (died 1923), an American-born author from New York City, daughter of Congressman Charles King, 9th President of Columbia College (by his second wife, the travel writer, Henrietta Liston Low).^[6] They had one son, Francis Richard, who married (18 January 1903, Paris) Charlotte, daughter of Vice-Admiral Jean-Charles-Alexandre Sallandrouze de Lamornaix.^[7] Charlotte was the granddaughter of Charles Sallandrouze de Lamornaix.^[8]

Honours

Grand-Croix, Légion d'honneur
Hon. LLD (Cantab)

References

^ "Waddington, William Henry (WDNN845WH)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^ Walter Bradford Woodgate Boating 1888
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Chisholm 1911.
^ also see Gouvernement Jules Dufaure II (french)
^ ^a ^b www.senat.fr
^ "MADAME WADDINGTON, AUTHOR, DIES IN PARIS; Former Mary A. King Was the Widow of Ex-French Ambassador to England". The New York Times. 1 July 1923. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
^ Griffith, William (18 December 1904). "AS MME. WADDINGTON SEES NEW YORK.; Brilliant American Woman Whose Husband Was Once Premier of France, Gives Her Impressions of Her Native City Which She Is Visiting After An Absence of 38 Years. Extraordinary Opportunities for Social and Intellectual Intercourse with Eminent Men and Women of the Old World Enjoyed by the Granddaughter of Rufus King – Her Reminiscences of Diplomatic Life and Defense of the Marriage of American Girls to Titled and Distinguished Foreigners – Regrets the Importance Given to Money in New York's Social Regime. MME. WADDINGTON'S IMPRESSION OF NEW YORK AFTER THIRTY-EIGHT YEARS' ABSENCE". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
^ Times, Special Cable to the New York (18 January 1903). "DOINGS OF SOCIETY IN FRANCE; Brilliant Marriage of Mile. Sallandrouze de Lamornaix and M. Waddington – James H. Hyde Praised by French Papers". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 May 2017.

Sources

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Waddington, William Henry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 226.

External links

Political offices
Preceded by Jules Simon	Minister of Public Instruction 1873	Succeeded by Anselme Batbie
Preceded by Henri Wallon	Minister of Public Instruction 1876–1877	Succeeded by Joseph Brunet
Preceded by Marquis de Banneville	Minister of Foreign Affairs 1877–1879	Succeeded by Charles de Freycinet
Preceded by Jules Dufaure	Prime Minister of France 1879	Succeeded by Charles de Freycinet