Yellow Creek (Illinois)

Yellow Creek
Yellow Creek
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Stephenson County, northwest of Lena, Illinois
• coordinates	42°25′10″N 89°53′52″W / 42.4194444°N 89.8977778°W
• elevation	977 ft (298 m)
Mouth
• location	Pecatonica River, east of Freeport, Illinois
• coordinates	42°17′24″N 89°34′10″W / 42.2900°N 89.5695°W
• elevation	748 ft (228 m)
Length	50 mi (80 km)
Basin features
Progression	Yellow Creek → Pecatonica → Rock → Mississippi → Gulf of Mexico
GNIS ID	421568

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Yellow Creek is a tributary of the Pecatonica River in Stephenson County, in the US state of Illinois. The 50-mile (80 km) stream also flows through a small part of Jo Daviess County. The waters of Yellow Creek were assessed for water quality in 1996, with 28 miles (45 km) being listed as "fair" and 22 miles (35 km) being listed as "good". During the 1832 Black Hawk War, the Battle of Waddams Grove was fought along Yellow Creek.

Course

Yellow Creek is a 50-mile (80 km) tributary within the Pecatonica River watershed and is considered a major stream within that system.^[1]^[2] Most of its course is through Stephenson County, Illinois, but a small part of the stream flows into Jo Daviess County, in extreme northwestern Illinois.^[3]^[4] The stream's source is at 42°25′10″N 89°53′52″W and its mouth is at 42°17′23″N 89°34′10″W.^[3]

History

During the 1832 Black Hawk War, a conflict between Sauk Chief Black Hawk's British Band and settlers in Michigan Territory and the state of Illinois, the Battle of Waddams Grove occurred near Yellow Creek. After a number of Native American raids in the area, James W. Stephenson raised a group of volunteers and set out in search of the raiders.^[5] Stephenson caught up with the band of Native Americans on June 18, 1832, in an open area near Yellow Creek, about 12 miles (19 km) east of Kellogg's Grove, Illinois.^[5]^[6] The battlefield itself is believed to be located along the Yellow Creek northwest of William Waddams' original land claims north of the present day unincorporated town of Waddams Grove, Illinois.^[6]

Water quality

A total of 22 miles (35 km) of the stream's waters were identified as "good" and 28 miles (45 km) were designated as "fair" by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency in 1996.^[1] Water quality problems in Yellow Creek stem from nutrient run off as a byproduct of agriculture.^[1] In Freeport, Illinois the Yellow Creek Watershed Partnership was established "to improve the health and diversity of Yellow Creek and its watershed".^[7]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c "Pecatonica River Watershed, Watersheds of Illinois – 1996, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
^ The Pecatonica River watershed covers 509,675 acres (2,062.58 km²) in Winnebago, Stephenson, Jo Daviess and Carroll counties in Illinois. The largest city within the drainage basin is Freeport. See "Pecatonica River Watershed."
^ ^a ^b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Yellow Creek
^ "Pecatonica River Watershed – Figure 7," (PDF), Map: Listed Waters 2002, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Trask, Kerry A. Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America, (Google Books), Henry Holt: 2006, pp. 220–221, (ISBN 0805077588). Retrieved July 31, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Carter, Greg. "Captain Stephenson's Fight," May 2004, Old Lead Historical Society. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
^ "Our Message, Yellow Creek Watershed Partnership, official site. Retrieved October 4, 2007.