Blok f
Blok f (pierwiastki wewnątrzprzejściowe) – rodzina pierwiastków chemicznych w układzie okresowym, których elektrony o najwyższej energii według reguły Madelunga powinny znajdować się na orbitalu f (w stanie podstawowym)[potrzebny przypis]. IUPAC zalicza do tej grupy 28 pierwiastków z 6 i 7 okresu[1][2][3]:
- lantanowce bez lutetu; zapełniany orbital 4f
- aktynowce bez lorensu; zapełniany orbital 5f.
| Okres 6 | 57 La |
58 Ce |
59 Pr |
60 Nd |
61 Pm |
62 Sm |
63 Eu |
64 Gd |
65 Tb |
66 Dy |
67 Ho |
68 Er |
69 Tm |
70 Yb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4f05d1 | 4f15d1 | 4f3 | 4f4 | 4f5 | 4f6 | 4f7 | 4f75d1 | 4f9 | 4f10 | 4f11 | 4f12 | 4f13 | 4f14 | |
| Okres 7 | 89 Ac |
90 Th |
91 Pa |
92 U |
93 Np |
94 Pu |
95 Am |
96 Cm |
97 Bk |
98 Cf |
99 Es |
100 Fm |
101 Md |
102 No |
| 5f06d1 | 5f06d2 | 5f26d1 lub 5f16d2 |
5f36d1 | 5f46d1 lub 5f5 |
5f6 | 5f7 | 5f76d1 | 5f9 lub 5f86d1 |
5f10 | 5f11 | 5f12 | 5f13 | 5f14 |
Legenda
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Historyczna przynależność do bloku f
Tradycyjnie do bloku f należały lantanowce bez lantanu, oraz aktynowce bez aktynu[4][5].
Przypisy
- ↑ E.R. Scerri: The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance. New York City, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007, s. ?.
- ↑ Mendeleev's Periodic Table Is Finally Completed and What To Do about Group 3. IUPAC. [dostęp 2014-05-11].
- ↑ G. Jeffery Leigh. Periodic Tables and IUPAC. „Chem. Int.”. 31 (1), s. 3-4, 2009.
- ↑ Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren, Peter Wothers: Organic Chemistry. Oxford – New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, s. 89. ISBN 0-198-50346-6.
- ↑ Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan S. Zumdahl: Chemistry. Belmont: Brooks/Cole, 2010, s. 955. ISBN 0-547-12532-1.
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