事實

事實是有關特定情況的一個或多個方面的真實資料[1]或真實情形[2]等。它可以指在過去已發生的事件,亦可指被驗證成立且中立的陳述;在科學中則指可被(重複)證明的概念[3][4]

傳聞在本質上不同於事實。事實也不同於推論理論價值客體[5]

確認資訊的真實性的過程,被稱為事實查核

詞源及使用

英文

英文的「Fact」一詞來自拉丁文中的Factum,在英文中首次使用時意思是「一件事已經完成或者演出(a thing done or performed)」,即是現時經已過時[6]。從十六世紀開始,意思是「事情真的發生」或者「是這樣」,是現時最常用的用法[7]

「Fact」有時解作「現實」或是「真理」,區別於「結論」及「意見」,例如「事實的問題」[8]及「……沒有歷史、不是事實,但是有想像力」。

「事實」也包括「正在討論會是正確的問題」,例如有爭議的問題(例如:「問題的事實是……」)[9][10]

中文

在中文,「事實」意思是「事件真實的情形」。[2]

相關條目

參考資料

  1. ^ Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words. Dictionary.com. [2024-08-06] (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 《教育部新編國語辭典》對「事實」的解釋. [2021-02-03]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-18). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ Definition from WordNetweb.Princeton. [2010-08-05]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-02). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ fact - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. [2008-10-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-12). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ Mulligan, Kevin; Correia, Fabrice, Facts, Zalta, Edward N. (编), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Winter 2021, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2021 [2022-11-18], Facts, philosophers like to say, are opposed to theories and to values (cf. Rundle 1993) and are to be distinguished from things, in particular from complex objects, complexes and wholes, and from relations. 
  6. ^ "Fact". OED_2d_Ed_1989, (但注意不同用法: after the factbefore the fact).
  7. ^ "Fact" (1a). OED_2d_Ed_1989 Joye Exp. Dan. xi. Z vij b, Let emprours and kinges know this godly kynges fact. 1545
  8. ^ "Fact" (4a) OED_2d_Ed_1989
  9. ^ "Fact" (6c). OED_2d_Ed_1989
  10. ^ (參見"Matter" (2,6). Compact_OED)

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