在20世紀70年代初,精神分裂症的診斷標準出現了不少爭議,最終修訂成現今所使用的標準。1971年美英诊断学大会发现美国的思覺失調症患者要比欧洲多很多[213],部分是因為美国使用的DSM-II诊断标准比起欧洲的ICD-9更为宽松。大衛·羅森漢(英语:David Rosenhan)於1972年進行並於《科學》期刊發表的著名研究——《精神病房里的正常人》(On being sane in insane places),指出美国的思覺失調症诊断标准往往过于主觀且不可靠[214]。這項研究不僅使精神分裂症的診斷标准得以修正,還令整本DSM手冊得以修訂,使得美國精神醫學學會於1980年时出版DSM-III[215]。
2002年,日本把這一種疾病的名稱由「精神分裂病seishin-bunretsu-byō」改名为「統合失調症tōgō-shitchō-shō」,以減少疾病名稱所帶來的社會污名[221],此一名字的靈感是來自生物-心理-社會模型的,且在實行三年內把接受診斷的人數從37%增加到70%[222]。2012年在韓國亦發生了類似的變化[223]。2014年,中華民國衛生福利部宣佈將「精神分裂症」正式更名為「思覺失調症」[29],此一名稱是考慮到此疾病的核心表現性質——「思考」及「知覺」[224]。精神病學教授吉姆·范·奧斯(英语:Jim van Os)則建議把英語的「Schizophrenia」(精神分裂症)改名為「psychosis spectrum syndrome」(思覺失調類群障礙症)[225]。
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