Sakta
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Sakta atau Saktam (Dewanagari: शाक्तं; IAST: Śāktaṃ; arti harfiah: "ajaran Sakti" atau "ajaran tentang para dewi") adalah aliran dalam agama Hindu yang berfokus pada pemujaan Sakti atau Dewi—Ibu Dewi bagi umat Hindu—sebagai Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan Mahakuasa. Beserta Saiwa dan Waisnawa, Sakta merupakan salah satu aliran utama Hinduisme.
Umat Sakta memandang Dewi sebagai Brahman—Yang Maha Esa—dengan beragam wujud ilahi, baik wanita ataupun pria, yang dianggap sebagai aneka manifestasi-Nya semata. Dalam rincian filsafat dan praktik keagamaan, Sakta mirip dengan Saiwa. Akan tetapi, umat Sakta memuja seluruh manifestasi Sakti sebagai aspek kewanitaan yang dinamis dari Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa. Siwa—sebagai aspek kejantanan dari Tuhan—dianggap transenden, dan pemujaan kepada-Nya dianggap sebagai pelengkap saja.[1]
Penganut Sakta meyakini Sakti sebagai kekuatan yang mendasari segala prinsip-prinsip kelakian, sedangkan Dewi biasanya digambarkan sebagai Parwati (pasangan Siwa) atau Laksmi (pasangan Wisnu). Ia dapat pula digambarkan dengan wujud berbeda, seperti Kali atau Durga yang menyeramkan. Sakta erat kaitannya dengan Hinduisme Tantra, yang mengajarkan ritus dan praktik pembersihan pikiran dan raga.[2][3][4] Umat Sakta memakai mantra, sihir, gambar sakral, yoga, dan ritual untuk memanggil kekuatan-kekuatan kosmis.[5]
Dalam rentang sejarahnya, Sakta telah menjadi sumber bagi beberapa sastra Sanskerta dan filsafat Hindu, dan masih memberi pengaruh kuat bagi Hinduisme populer pada masa kini. Aliran Sakta dianut di sebagian besar wilayah India dan luar India, dalam berbagai tradisi, baik bersifat Tantra maupun tidak; akan tetapi, aliran Sakta yang terbesar dan sering teramati adalah Srikula (pemujaan kepada Sri), terutama di India Selatan, dan Kalikula (pemujaan kepada Kali), yang bertahan di India Utara dan Timur.[1]
Galeri
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Ibu Dewi Sri Lalita Tripura Sundari -
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Sri yantra -
Kali yantra -
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Kuil Kali Dakshineswar (Kolkata, Benggala Barat) -
Kuil Lalita «Dewipuram» (Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh)
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Referensi
- ^ a b Subramuniyaswami, p. 1211.
- ^ "ISKCON". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2015-11-15. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2014.
- ^ "Hindus in SA". Diakses tanggal 7 February 2014.
- ^ Dubois. Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies. Cosimo. hlm. 111.
- ^ "HimalayanAcademy". Diakses tanggal 7 February 2014.
Daftar pustaka
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- Brown, C. MacKenzie (1991). The Triumph of the Goddess: The Canonical Models and Theological Issues of the Devi-Bhagavata Purana. SUNY Series in Hindu Studies. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0364-8.
- Brown, C. Mackenzie (1998). The Devi Gita: The Song of the Goddess: A Translation, Annotation and Commentary. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-3940-1.
- Dasgupta, S (1996). Journal of the Indian Musicological Society. Vol. 27–28. Indian Musicological Society.
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- Fell McDermett, Rachel (1998). "The Western Kali". Devi: Goddesses of India. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-1491-2. ;
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- Joshi, M. C. (2002). "Historical and Iconographical Aspects of Shakta Tantrism". The Roots of Tantra. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-5305-6. ;
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- C Mackenzie Brown (1990). The Triumph of the Goddess: The Canonical Models and Theological Visions of the Devi-Bhagavata Purana. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0364-8.
- Cheever Mackenzie Brown (1998). The Devi Gita: The Song of the Goddess: A Translation, Annotation, and Commentary. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-3939-5.
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- Coburn, Thomas B. (2002). Devī Māhātmya, The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition. South Asia Books. ISBN 81-208-0557-7.
- Lynn Foulston; Stuart Abbott (2009). Hindu Goddesses: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-902210-43-8.
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- Winternitz, M. (1973) [1927]. History of Indian Literature. New Delhi. Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi tanpa penerbit (link)
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