ثابت فيزيائي

الثابت الفيزيائي هو كمية فيزيائية يعتقد عموماً بأنها عالمية في الطبيعة وثابتة بالنسبة للزمن.[1][2][3] يمكن مقارنتها بالثابت الرياضي، والذي يمثل قيمة عددية ثابتة لا تدخل فيها القياسات الفيزيائية مباشرة.

جدول الثوابت الكونية

الكمية الرمز القيمة الارتياب العياري النسبي
ممانعة الفراغ المميزة 376.730 313 461... Ω معرف
ثابت كهربائي (سماحية الفراغ) 8.854 187 817... × 10−12F·m−1 معرف
ثابت مغناطيسي (نفاذية of free space) 4π × 10−7 N·A−2 = 1.2566 370 614... × 10−6 N·A−2 معرف
ثابت التثاقل النيوتني 6.6742(10) × 10−11m3·kg−1·s−2 1.5 × 10−4
ثابت بلانك 6.626 0693(11) × 10−34 J·s 1.7 × 10−7
ثابت ديراك 1.054 571 68(18) × 10−34 J·s 1.7 × 10−7
سرعة الضوء في الخلاء 299792458 m·s−1 معرف

قائمة الثوابت الكهرومغناطيسية

الكمية الرمز القيمة1 (نظام الوحدات الدولي) الارتياب العياري النسبي
مغنطون بور 927.400 949(80) × 10−26 J·T−1 8.6 × 10-8
كم التوصيل 7.748 091 733(26) × 10−5 S 3.3 × 10−9
ثابت كولوم 8.987 742 438 × 109 N·m2C−2 معرف
ثابت جوزيفسون 483 597.879(41) × 109 Hz· V−1 8.5 × 10−8
كم التدفق المغناطيسي 2.067 833 72(18) × 10−15 Wb 8.5 × 10−8
مغنطون نووي 5.050 783 43(43) × 10−27 J·T−1 8.6 × 10−8
كم المقاومة 12 906.403 725(43) Ω 3.3 × 10−9
ثابت فون كليتزينغ 25 812.807 449(86) Ω 3.3 × 10−9

قائمة الثوابت الذرية والنووية

الكمية الرمز القيمة1 (نظام الوحدات الدولي) الارتياب العياري النسبي
قطر بور 0.529 177 2108(18) × 10−10 m 3.3 × 10−9
ثابت تزاوج فيرمي 1.166 39(1) × 10−5 GeV−2 8.6 × 10−6
ثابت البنية الدقيقة 7.297 352 568(24) × 10−3 3.3 × 10−9
طاقة هاتري 4.359 744 17(75) × 10−18 J 1.7 × 10−7
كم الدوران 3.636 947 550(24) × 10−4 m2 s−1 6.7 × 10−9
ثابت ريدبيرغ 10 973 731.568 525(73) m−1 6.6 × 10−12
مقطع تومسون العرضي 0.665 245 873(13) × 10−28 m2 2.0 × 10−8
زاوية المزج الضعيف 0.222 15(76) 3.4 × 10−3

قائمة الثوابت الفيزكيميائية

الكمية الرمز القيمة1 (نظام الوحدات الدولي) الارتياب العياري النسبي
ثابت الكتلة المولية (وحدة الكتل الذرية الموحدة) 1.660 538 86(28) × 10−27 kg 1.7 × 10−7
عدد أفوغادرو 23^10×(10)6.0221415 1.7 × 10−7
ثابت بولتزمان 1.380 6505(24) × 10−23 J·K−1 1.8 × 10−6
ثابت فاراداي 96 485.3383(83)C·mol−1 8.6 × 10−8
ثابت الإشعاع الأول 3.741 771 38(64) × 10−16 W·m2 1.7 × 10−7
للإشعاع الطيفي 1.191 042 82(20) × 10−16 W · m2 sr−1 1.7 × 10−7
ثابت لوشميت at =273.15 K and =101.325 kPa 2.686 7773(47) × 1025 m−3 1.8 × 10−6
ثابت الغازات العام 8.314 472(15) J·K−1·mol−1 1.7 × 10−6
ثابت بلانك المولي 3.990 312 716(27) × 10−10 J · s · mol−1 6.7 × 10−9
الحجم المولي للغاز المثالي at =273.15 K and =100 kPa 22.710 981(40) × 10−3 m3 ·mol−1 1.7 × 10−6
at =273.15 K and =101.325 kPa 22.413 996(39) × 10−3 m3 ·mol−1 1.7 × 10−6
ثابت ساكور-تيتروده at =1 K and =100 kPa
-1.151 7047(44) 3.8 × 10−6
at =1 K and =101.325 kPa -1.164 8677(44) 3.8 × 10−6
ثابت الإشعاع الثاني 1.438 7752(25) × 10−2 m·K 1.7 × 10−6
ثابت ستيفان-بولتزمان 5.670 400(40) × 10−8 W·m−2·K−4 7.0 × 10−6
ثابت قانون إزاحة وين 4.965 114 231... 2.897 7685(51) × 10−3 m · K 1.7 × 10−6

جدول الثوابت المعدلة

الكمية الرمز القيمة (نظام الوحدات الدولي) الارتياب العياري النسبي
قيمة اصطلاحية ثابت جوزيفسون2 483 597.9 × 109 Hz · V−1 معرف
قيمة اصطلاحية ثابت فون كليتزينغ3 25 812.807 Ω معرف
كتلة مولية ثابت 1 × 10−3 kg · mol−1 معرف
لكربون-12 12 × 10−3 kg · mol−1 معرف
التسارع العياري للثقالة (السقوط الحر على الأرض) 9.806 65 m·s−2 معرف
الضغط الجوي العياري 101 325 Pa معرف

مراجع

  1. ^ A.S Eddington (1956). "The Constants of Nature". في J.R. Newman (المحرر). The World of Mathematics. Simon & Schuster. ج. 2. ص. 1074–1093.
  2. ^ 2010 Values of the Constants; NIST, 2011. نسخة محفوظة 16 يونيو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  3. ^ H. Kragh (2003). "Magic Number: A Partial History of the Fine-Structure Constant". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. ج. 57 ع. 5: 395. DOI:10.1007/s00407-002-0065-7.

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