Banu Hashim

Banu Hashim
(Arabic: بنو هاشم)
Banu Hashim ; (Arabic: بنو هاشم)
Quraysh, Adnanites
Ethnicity	Arab
Nisba	al-Hashimi
Location	Mecca, Hejaz; Middle East,; South Asia, ; Southeast Asia, ; North Africa, ; Horn of Africa
Descended from	Hashim ibn Abd Manaf
Parent tribe	Quraysh
Branches	Alids; Ja'farites; Aqilites; Abbasids;
Language	Arabic
Religion	Islam
Surnames	Hashim and Al hashimi

The Banū Hāshim (Arabic: بنو هاشم) is an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which Muhammad Ibn Abdullah belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.

Members of this clan, and especially their descendants, are also referred to as Hashimids, Hashimites, Hashemites, or Bakara and often carry the surname al-Hāshimī. These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, hold the traditional title of Sharīf (often synonymous to Sayyid).^[1]

From the 8th century on, Hashimid descent came to be regarded as a mark of nobility, and formed the basis upon which many dynasties legitimized their rule.^[2] Some of the most famous Islamic dynasties of Hashimid descent include the Abbasids (ruled from Baghdad 750–945; held the caliphate without exercising power 945–1258 in Baghdad and 1261–1517 in Cairo), the Fatimids (ruled from Cairo and claimed the caliphate 909–1171), the 'Alawi (rulers of Morocco, 1631–present), and the Hashemites (rulers of Jordan, 1921–present).^[3]

History

Traditionally, the tribe is named after Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. He was married to Salma bint Amr of the Banu Najjar, an Azdi clan.^[4]^[5]

Amongst pre-Islamic Arabs, people classified themselves according to their tribe, their clan, and then their house/family. There were two major tribal kinds: the Adnanites (descended from Adnan, traditional ancestor of the Arabs of northern, central and western Arabia) and the Qahtanites (originating from Qahtan, the traditional ancestor of the Arabs of southern and south eastern Arabia).^[6]^[7] Banu Hashim is one of the clans of the Quraysh tribe,^[8] and is an Adnanite tribe. It derives its name from Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the great-grandfather of Muhammad, and along with the Banu Abd-Shams, Banu Al-Muttalib, and Banu Nawfal clans comprises the Banu Abd al-Manaf section of the Quraysh.

Dynasties and Tribes

The following Royal, Imperial dynasties and Tribes claim descent from Hashim:

Europe

Hummudid Dynasty (through Idris ibn Abdullah)

Arabia

Hashemite Dynasty (through Qatadah ibn Idris)^[9]
Abbasid dynasty of the Abbasid Caliphate (through Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib)^[10]
Abbasids of Cairo, the ceremonial heads of Mamluk Sultanate from 1261 to 1517. (descendant of Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Hakim)
Fatimid Dynasty of the Fatimid Empire including the later Agha Khans. (through Ismail ibn Jafar)^[11]
Rassid Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Al-Hassan al-Muthanna)^[12]
Mutawakkilite Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Al-Hassan al-Muthanna as cadets of the Rassid Dynasty)^[12]

Africa

'Alawi dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya ibn Abdullah al-Kamil)^[9]
Sa'di dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya ibn Abdullah al-Kamil)^[9]

Fatimid Dynasty of the Fatimid Empire. ^[11]

Idrisid dynasty of Morocco (through Idris ibn Abdullah al-Kamil)^[12]
Senussi Dynasty of Libya (through Idris ibn Abdullah as cadets of the Idrisid Dynasty)
Ouled Sidi Cheikh of Algeria and Morocco (through Idris ibn Abdullah al-Kamil)
Samaalids
- Walashma dynasty of the Ifat Sultanate and Adal Sultanate (through Aqil ibn Abi Talib)
- Gareen dynasty of the Ajuran Sultanate (through Aqil ibn Abi Talib)
Ishaqids
- Tolje'lo Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)^[13]
- Guled Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)^[13]
- Ainanshe Dynasty of the Habr Yunis Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed):^[13]
Daaroods
- Gerad Dynasty of the Warsangali Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jeberti)
- Majeerteen Dynasty of the Majeerteen Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jabarti)
- Bah Yaqub Dynasty of the Hobyo Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jabarti)
- Ogaden Dynasty of the Ogaden Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jabarti)
- Asharaf clan of Somalia's Benadiri region (through Ali ibn Abi Talib's children Al-Hasan & Al-Hussein)

Indo-Persia

Alids of Tabaristan (through Zayd bin Hassan al Muthana)
Zaydi Dynasty of Tabaristan (through Zayd ibn Ali)^[9]
Barha Dynasty Including the later Nawabs of Samballhera (through Zayd ibn Ali)^[14]
The Agha Khans (Through Ismail ibn Jafar as cadets of the Fatimid Dynasty)^[15]
Mirs of Rajhat (Through Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin)^[16]
Sabzwari Dynasty (through Ali al Reza)^[17]
Najafi Dynasty of Bengal. Including the later Nawabs of Murshidabad and the Tabatabai family of Iran (through Ibrahim Tabataba ibn Ismail al Dibaj)
the Pahlavi Dynasty of Iran (through Empress Farah Diba Pahlavi

East Asia

Sultans of Siak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)^[18]
Bendahara Dynasty of Pahang and Terengannu (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
Bolkiah Dynasty of Brunei (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
Jamal al layl dynasty of Perak and Perlis (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
Sultans of Pontianak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)^[18]
House of Temenggong of Johor (as cadet branches of Bendahara Dynasty)

Family tree

Kilab ibn Murrah

Fatimah bint Sa'd

Zuhrah ibn Kilab
(progenitor of Banu Zuhrah)
maternal great-great-grandfather

Qusai ibn Kilab
paternal great-great-great-grandfather

Hubba bint Hulail
paternal great-great-great-grandmother

`Abd Manaf ibn Zuhrah
maternal great-grandfather

`Abd Manaf ibn Qusai
paternal great-great-grandfather

Atikah bint Murrah
paternal great-great-grandmother

Wahb ibn `Abd Manaf
maternal grandfather

Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf
(progenitor of Banu Hashim)
paternal great-grandfather

Salma bint `Amr
paternal great-grandmother

Fatimah bint `Amr
paternal grandmother

`Abdul-Muttalib
paternal grandfather

Halah bint Wuhayb
paternal step-grandmother

Aminah
mother

`Abdullah
father

Az-Zubayr
paternal uncle

Harith
paternal half-uncle

Hamza
paternal half-uncle

Thuwaybah
first nurse

Halimah
second nurse

Abu Talib
paternal uncle

`Abbas
paternal half-uncle

Abu Lahab
paternal half-uncle

6 other sons
and 6 daughters

Muhammad

Khadija
first wife

`Abd Allah ibn `Abbas
paternal cousin

Fatimah
daughter

Ali
paternal cousin and son-in-law
family tree, descendants

Qasim
son

`Abd-Allah
son

Zainab
daughter

Ruqayyah
daughter

Uthman
son-in-law
family tree

Umm Kulthum
daughter

Zayd
adopted son

Ali ibn Zainab
grandson

Umamah bint Zainab
granddaughter

`Abd-Allah ibn Uthman
grandson

Rayhana
(marriage disputed)

Usama ibn Zayd
adoptive grandson

Muhsin ibn Ali
grandson

Hasan ibn Ali
grandson

Husayn ibn Ali
grandson
family tree

Umm Kulthum bint Ali
granddaughter

Zaynab bint Ali
granddaughter

Safiyya
tenth / eleventh wife*

Abu Bakr
father-in-law
family tree

Sawda
second / third wife*

Umar
father-in-law
family tree

Umm Salama
sixth wife

Juwayriya
eighth wife

Maymuna
eleventh / twelfth wife*

Aisha
second / third wife
Family tree

Zaynab
fifth wife

Hafsa
fourth wife

Zaynab
seventh wife

Umm Habiba
ninth wife

Maria al-Qibtiyya

Ibrahim
son

Note that direct lineage is marked in bold.

References

^ Van Arendonk, C.; Graham, W.A. (1960–2007). "Sharīf". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.
^ Van Arendonk & Graham 1960–2007.
^ Routledge, Bruce (2004-07-26). Moab in the Iron Age: Hegemony, Polity, Archaeology. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-8122-3801-3.
^ al-Tabari, Abu Jafar. The History of al-Tabari Vol. 6: Muhammad at Mecca. p. 125.
^ The Agrarian System of Islam Muḥammad Taqī Amīnī Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1991
^ Reuven Firestone (1990). Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis. p. 72. ISBN 9780791403310.
^ Göran Larsson (2003). Ibn García's Shuʻūbiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval al-Andalus. p. 170. ISBN 9004127402.
^ Al-Mubarakpuri, Safi-ur-Rahman (2002). The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum). Darussalam. p. 30. ISBN 1591440718.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 236.
^ Hoiberg 2010, p. 10.
^ ^a ^b Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 238.
^ ^a ^b ^c Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 235.
^ ^a ^b ^c I. M. Lewis, A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.
^ Abul Fazl (2004). The Āʼīn-i Akbarī (2nd ed.). Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693515307.
^ Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 237.
^ Abu Huraira Virasat Rasul. Ashraf Al Ansab. Karachi Publications.
^ Khan, Shah Nawaz (1952). Maasir al Umara. Calcutta: Calcutta Oriental Press. pp. 259–262.
^ ^a ^b Vachon, Boudreau & Cogné 1998, p. 233.

Sources

Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abbasid Dynasty". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.