Coat of arms of Slovenia

Coat of arms of Slovenia
Coat of arms of Slovenia
Armiger	Republic of Slovenia
Adopted	1991
Shield	Azure, a mountain of three peaks Argent, base barry wavy Argent Azure, in center chief three mullets of 6 Or lower, bordure Gules.

The Slovene coat of arms is an emblem^[1] that consists of a red bordered blue shield on which there is a stylised white Mount Triglav, under which there are two wavy lines representing the sea and the rivers of the country. Above Mount Triglav, there are three golden six-pointed stars representing the Counts of Celje.^[2] It was designed in 1991 by Marko Pogačnik and adopted on 24 June 1991.

History

Habsburg dynasty

Historically the modern-day territory of Slovenia consisted of a number of historical lands and territories which were eventually all ruled by the Austrian House of Habsburg. Until the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, the Slovene Lands did not have a coat of arms representing the whole nation; instead, (most of) the constituent lands had their own coats of arms:

Windic March, later part of the County of Cilli
County of Cilli, later part of the Duchy of Carniola
Duchy of Carniola
southern Duchy of Carinthia
Lower Duchy of Styria
Slovene March in the Vas county of the Kingdom of Hungary, with the adjacent zones of the Zala county (Beltinci, Turnišče, Velika Polana, Kobilje)
County of Gorizia and Gradisca, later part of the Austrian Littoral
Istria (in the modern municipalities of Koper, Izola, Piran, Hrpelje-Kozina, Muggia and Dolina), part of the Austrian Littoral

Arms of the Windic March
Combined arms of the Counts of Cilli and Sannock
Arms of the Duchy of Carniola
Arms of the Duchy of Carinthia
Arms of the Duchy of Styria
Arms of the County of Gorizia and Gradisca
Arms of the Austrian Littoral

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

When the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs merged with Kingdom of Serbia, Slovenia had its first real coat of arms, which actually was a heavily modified one from the Serbian Kingdom. The coat of arms presents the Serbian shield with white cross on the left, the Croatian shield on the right and under both there is a blue shield representing Slovenes. An image of the royal Yugoslav coat of arms can be seen on the 10-Yugoslav dinar banknote of 1926.^[3]

Socialist Republic of Slovenia

The emblem of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia was designed by Branko Simčič on the basis of the symbol of the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation. It is in the style of socialist emblem of other communist nations. The sea and the mount Triglav motive appeared in the emblem of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, one of six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The former emblem was rounded by wheat with linden leaves and featured a red star at the top. There was also the other emblem which presented Yugoslavia as a whole.

Republic of Slovenia

The tender for the design of the new coat of arms of Slovenia was published in May 1991. It was won by Marko Pogačnik. He based his design on the understanding of Slovenia as a macroregional entity and on the work by France Prešeren and Jože Plečnik. In regard, to Prešeren, the coat of arms depicts the description of nature given by the poet in his epic-lyric poem The Baptism on the Savica. In regard to Plečnik, the coat of arms follows the coat of arms of Slovenia, carved upon the design by the architect in 1934 at the column of the Virgin Mary, which stands in front of the parish church in Bled.^[4]

Pogačnik's design was proclaimed the new official coat of arms of Slovenia with the constitutional amendment C 100 and became valid on 24 June 1991.

Historical symbols

Coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola (until 1918)
Inescutcheon symbolizing Slovenia and the Illyrian movement on the coat of arms of Yugoslavia (1918–1941)
Emblem of German-collaborationist Slovene Home Guard (1943–1945)

Symbolics

The designer, Marko Pogačnik, has described the coat of arms as a cosmogram, intended to create an "energetic field" which will protect the country and stimulate its inner potential.^[5]

According to Pogačnik, the silhouette of mount Triglav symbolises the male principle, while the two wavy lines below it - representing the Triglav Lakes Valley, the Slovene seacoast, and rivers in general - symbolise the female principle. The three golden mullets above Triglav, taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje,^[6] symbolize democracy.

Legal status

As a work of arts, published in the official journal Official Gazette, the national coat of arms of Slovenia qualifies as an official work and is per Article 9 of the Slovene Copyright and Related Rights Act not protected by the copyrights.^[7] Its usage is regulated by the Act Regulating the Coat-of-Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Slovenia and the Flag of the Slovene Nation, published in the Official Gazette in 1994.^[8]

Criticism

The coat of arms has been criticized by the herald Aleksander Hribovšek as heraldically deficient: Mount Triglav (whose choice as a national symbol he questions) and the sea are not represented according to heraldic rules, and the overall arms have no official blazon; the form of shield used is also not heraldically recognised.^[9]

References

^ Simboli Republike Slovenije [Symbols of the Republic of Slovenia] (PDF) (in Slovenian). Government Communication Office of the Republic of Slovenia. June 2022. p. 23.
^ "Zakon o grbu, zastavi in himni Republike Slovenije ter o slovenski narodni zastavi" [The Law on the Coat of Arms, the Flag and the Anthem of the Republic of Slovenia and on the Slovene National Flag]. Uradni list [Official Gazette] (in Slovenian). 21 October 1994.
^ 10 dinar note of 1926 Archived February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^ Teran Košir, Alenka (25 June 2011). "Pogačnik: Slovenija bi se morala osamosvojiti od civilizacije" [Pogačnik: Slovenia Should Become Independent from Civilisation]. Planet Siol.net (in Slovenian).
^ Pogačnik, Marko (2003). "Interview with Marko Pogačnik, the designer of the Slovene coat of arms, carried out before the national celebration in 2003 by the Radio Maribor journalist Barbara Leskovar" (in Slovenian and English). Ljudmila.org.
^ "Državni simboli niso čarovnija, so pa silen potencial" [National Symbols are not Magic, but Are a Strong Potential]. Primorske.si (in Slovenian). Primorske novice, d.o.o. 26 June 2011. ISSN 1580-4747.
^ M. B. Jančič, M. B. Breznik, M. Damjan, M. Kovačič, M. Milohnić. Upravljanje avtorskih in sorodnih pravic na Internetu - Vidik javnih inštitucij (in Slovene) [The Management of Copyright and Related Rights on Internet - The Aspect of Public Institutions]. August 2010. Peace Institute; Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana. Pg. 28.
^ Zakon o grbu, zastavi in himni Republike Slovenije ter o slovenski narodni zastavi (Slovene) [Act Regulating the Coat-of-Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Slovenia and the Flag of the Slovene Nation]. Official Gazette. 67/1994.
^ "Zgodovina slovenskih državnih grbov" [The History of the Slovene National Coats of Arms]. Slovenska heraldika [Slovene Heraldics] (in Slovenian). 20 December 2011.