December 21
Day of the year
December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 10 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1620 – Plymouth Colony : William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land near what is now known as Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts .
1826 – American settlers in Nacogdoches , Mexican Texas , declare their independence, starting the Fredonian Rebellion .
1832 – Egyptian–Ottoman War : Egyptian forces decisively defeat Ottoman troops at the Battle of Konya .
1844 – The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale , England, starting the Cooperative movement .
1861 – Medal of Honor : Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln .
1872 – Challenger expedition : HMS Challenger , commanded by Captain George Nares , sails from Portsmouth, England .
1879 – World premiere of Henrik Ibsen 's A Doll's House at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen , Denmark.
1883 – The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment , the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army , are formed.
1891 – James Naismith , a Canadian-American gym teacher at Springfield College , publishes the first rules for the game now known as basketball and brings it to his class, which then plays the first game of basketball.[6] [7]
1901–present
1907 – The Chilean Army commits a massacre of at least 2,000 striking saltpeter miners in Iquique , Chile .[8]
1910 – An underground explosion at the Hulton Bank Colliery No. 3 Pit in Over Hulton , Westhoughton , England, kills 344 miners.
1913 – Arthur Wynne 's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World .
1919 – American anarchist Emma Goldman is deported to Russia.
1923 – United Kingdom and Nepal formally sign an agreement of friendship, called the Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923 , which superseded the Treaty of Sugauli signed in 1816.
1934 – Lieutenant Kijé , one of Sergei Prokofiev 's best-known works, premiered.[9]
1936 – First flight of the Junkers Ju 88 multi-role combat aircraft.
1937 – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , the world's first full-length animated feature, premieres at the Carthay Circle Theatre .
1941 – World War II : A Thai-Japanese Pact of Alliance is signed.
1946 – An 8.1 Mw earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Nankaidō , Japan, kills over 1,300 people and destroys over 38,000 homes.
1963 – "Bloody Christmas" begins in Cyprus, ultimately resulting in the displacement of 25,000–30,000 Turkish Cypriots and destruction of more than 100 villages.
1965 – International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is adopted.
1967 – Louis Washkansky , the first man to undergo a human-to-human heart transplant , dies in Cape Town , South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant.
1968 – Apollo program : Apollo 8 is launched from the Kennedy Space Center , placing its crew on a lunar trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.
1970 – First flight of F-14 multi-role combat aircraft.
1973 – The Geneva Conference on the Arab–Israeli conflict opens.
1979 – Lancaster House Agreement : An independence agreement for Rhodesia is signed in London by Lord Carrington , Sir Ian Gilmour , Robert Mugabe , Joshua Nkomo , Bishop Abel Muzorewa and S.C. Mundawarara.
1988 – A bomb explodes on board Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie , Dumfries and Galloway , Scotland, killing 270.[10] This is to date the deadliest air disaster to occur on British soil.
1988 – The first flight of Antonov An-225 Mriya , the largest aircraft in the world.
1991 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union : The leaders of 11 now effectively autonomous Soviet republics sign the Alma-Ata Protocol establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States in place of the collapsing Soviet Union .[11]
1992 – A Dutch DC-10 , flight Martinair MP 495 , crashes at Faro Airport , killing 56.
1995 – The city of Bethlehem passes from Israeli to Palestinian control.
1999 – The Spanish Civil Guard intercepts a van loaded with 950 kg of explosives that ETA intended to use to blow up Torre Picasso in Madrid , Spain.
1999 – Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216 overshoots the runway at La Aurora International Airport , killing 18.[12]
2004 – Iraq War : A suicide bomber kills 22 at the forward operating base next to the main U.S. military airfield at Mosul , Iraq , the single deadliest suicide attack on American soldiers.
2012 – 2012 phenomenon : Festivities are held in parts of Mesoamerica to commemorate the conclusion of b’ak’tun 13, a roughly 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count Calendar whose passing many New Age spiritualists had earlier held to portend a variety of cataclysmic or transformative events.[13]
2020 – A great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn occurs, with the two planets separated in the sky by 0.1 degrees. This is the closest conjunction between the two planets since 1623.[14]
2023 – 14 people are killed and 25 others injured during a mass shooting at Charles University in Prague , Czech Republic . The perpetrator, a student at the university, kills himself after police arrived; he also killed his father before the shooting.[15]
Births
Pre-1600
968 – Minamoto no Yorinobu , Japanese samurai (d. 1048)
1401 – Masaccio , Italian painter (d. 1428)[16]
1468 – William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers , English baron (d. 1524)
1505 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton , English politician (d. 1550)[17]
1538 – Luigi d'Este , Catholic cardinal (d. 1586)
1542 – Thomas Allen , English mathematician and astrologer (d. 1632)
1550 – Man Singh I , Mughal noble (d. 1614)[18]
1596 – Peter Mohyla , Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan and saint (d. 1646)
1601–1900
1603 – Roger Williams , English minister, theologian, and politician, 9th President of the Colony of Rhode Island (d. 1684)
1615 – Benedict Arnold , Rhode Island colonial governor (d. 1678)[19]
1672 – Benjamin Schmolck , German pastor and composer (d. 1737)
1714 – John Bradstreet , Canadian-English general (d. 1774)
1728 – Hermann Raupach , German harpsichord player and composer (d. 1778)
1778 – Anders Sandøe Ørsted , Danish jurist and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1860)
1795 – Jack Russell , English priest, hunter, and dog breeder (d. 1883)
1795 – Leopold von Ranke , German historian, author, and academic (d. 1886)[20]
1803 – Achille Vianelli , Italian painter and academic (d. 1894)
1804 – Benjamin Disraeli , English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1881)[21]
1805 – Thomas Graham , Scottish chemist and academic (d. 1869)
1811 – Archibald Tait , Scottish-English archbishop (d. 1882)
1815 – Thomas Couture , French painter and educator (d. 1879)
1820 – William H. Osborn , American businessman (d. 1894)
1830 – Bartolomé Masó , Cuban soldier and politician (d. 1907)
1832 – John H. Ketcham , American general and politician (d. 1906)
1840 – Namık Kemal , Turkish journalist, playwright, and activist (d. 1888)
1843 – Thomas Bracken , Irish-New Zealander journalist, poet, and politician (d. 1898)
1850 – Zdeněk Fibich , Czech composer and poet (d. 1900)
1851 – Thomas Chipman McRae , American lawyer and politician, 26th Governor of Arkansas (d. 1929)
1857 – Joseph Carruthers , Australian politician, 16th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1932)
1859 – Gustave Kahn , French poet and critic (d. 1936)
1866 – Maud Gonne , Irish nationalist and political activist (d. 1953)[22]
1868 – George W. Fuller , American chemist and engineer (d. 1934)
1872 – Trevor Kincaid , Canadian-American zoologist and academic (d. 1970)
1872 – Lorenzo Perosi , Italian priest and composer (d. 1956)
1872 – Albert Payson Terhune , American journalist and author (d. 1942)
1876 – Jack Lang , Australian lawyer and politician, 23rd Premier of New South Wales (d. 1975)
1877 – Jaan Sarv , Estonian mathematician and scholar (d. 1954)
1878 – Jan Łukasiewicz , Polish-Irish mathematician and philosopher (d. 1956)
1884 – María Cadilla , Puerto Rican writer, educator, women's rights activist (d. 1951)[23]
1885 – Frank Patrick , Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1960)
1888 – Jean Bouin , French runner and rugby player (d. 1914)
1889 – Sewall Wright , American geneticist and biologist (d. 1988)
1890 – Hermann Joseph Muller , American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
1891 – John William McCormack , American lawyer and politician, 53rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1980)
1892 – Walter Hagen , American golfer (d. 1969)
1892 – Rebecca West , English journalist and author (d. 1983)
1896 – Konstantin Rokossovsky , Marshal of the Soviet Union during World War II (d. 1968)
1900 – Luis Arturo González López , Guatemalan supreme court judge and briefly acting president (d. 1965)
1901–present
1905 – Käte Fenchel , German mathematician (d. 1983)[24]
1905 – Anthony Powell , English author (d. 2000)[25]
1909 – Seichō Matsumoto , Japanese journalist and author (d. 1992)
1911 – Josh Gibson , American baseball player (d. 1947)[26]
1913 – Arnold Friberg , American illustrator and painter (d. 2010)
1914 – Frank Fenner , Australian microbiologist and virologist (d. 2010)
1917 – Heinrich Böll , German novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
1918 – Donald Regan , American colonel and politician, 11th White House Chief of Staff (d. 2003)
1918 – Kurt Waldheim , Austrian colonel and politician; 9th President of Austria (d. 2007)[27]
1919 – Doug Young , American voice actor (d. 2018)
1920 – Alicia Alonso , Cuban ballerina and choreographer, founded the Cuban National Ballet (d. 2019)
1920 – Adele Goldstine , American computer programmer (d. 1964)[28]
1922 – Itubwa Amram , Nauruan pastor and politician (d. 1989)
1922 – Cécile DeWitt-Morette , French mathematician and physicist (d. 2017)[29]
1922 – Paul Winchell , American actor, voice artist, and ventriloquist (d. 2005)
1923 – Wat Misaka , American basketball player (d. 2019)[30]
1926 – Arnošt Lustig , Czech author and playwright (d. 2011)
1926 – Joe Paterno , American football player and coach (d. 2012)[26]
1930 – Phil Roman , American animator[31]
1932 – U. R. Ananthamurthy , Indian author, poet, and critic (d. 2014)
1932 – Edward Hoagland , American author and critic
1933 – Jackie Hendriks , Jamaican cricketer
1933 – Robert Worcester , American businessman and academic, founded MORI
1934 – Giuseppina Leone , Italian sprinter
1934 – Hanif Mohammad , Pakistani cricketer (d. 2016)
1935 – John G. Avildsen , American director, producer, and cinematographer (d. 2017)
1935 – Lorenzo Bandini , Italian racing driver (d. 1967)
1935 – Phil Donahue , American talk show host and producer[32]
1935 – Stela Popescu , Romanian actress (d. 2017)
1935 – Edward Schreyer , Canadian academic and politician, Governor General of Canada [33]
1937 – Jane Fonda , American actress and activist[34]
1938 – Larry Bryggman , American actor[32]
1939 – Lloyd Axworthy , Canadian academic and politician, 2nd Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs
1939 – Wafic Saïd , Syrian-Saudi Arabian financier, businessman and philanthropist
1940 – Frank Zappa , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, composer and producer (d. 1993)[26]
1942 – Hu Jintao , Chinese engineer and politician, 5th Paramount leader of China[26]
1942 – Carla Thomas , American singer[32]
1943 – Albert Lee , English guitarist and songwriter[32]
1943 – Walter Spanghero , French rugby player
1944 – Michael Tilson Thomas , American pianist, composer, and conductor
1944 – Zheng Xiaoyu , Chinese diplomat (d. 2007)
1945 – Doug Walters , Australian cricketer
1946 – Roy Karch , American director, producer, and screenwriter
1946 – Carl Wilson , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1998)[26]
1947 – Paco de Lucía , Spanish guitarist, songwriter, and producer (d. 2014)
1948 – Barry Gordon , American actor and voice artist; longest-serving president of the Screen Actors Guild (1988–95)
1948 – Samuel L. Jackson , American actor and producer[32]
1948 – Dave Kingman , American baseball player
1949 – Thomas Sankara , Burkinabé captain and politician, 5th President of Burkina Faso (d. 1987)
1949 – Nikolaos Sifounakis , Greek lawyer and politician
1950 – Jeffrey Katzenberg , American screenwriter and producer, co-founded DreamWorks Animation [26]
1950 – Max Maven , American magician and mentalist (d. 2022)
1950 – Lillebjørn Nilsen , Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2024)
1951 – Steve Perryman , English footballer and manager
1952 – Joaquín Andújar , Dominican baseball player (d. 2015)
1952 – Dennis Boutsikaris , American actor[32]
1952 – Steve Furniss , American swimmer
1953 – András Schiff , Hungarian-English pianist and conductor
1953 – Betty Wright , American singer-songwriter (d. 2020)[35]
1954 – Chris Evert , American tennis player and coach[36]
1955 – Jane Kaczmarek , American actress[32]
1955 – Kazuyuki Sekiguchi , Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player
1956 – Dave Laut , American shot putter (d. 2009)
1957 – Ray Romano , American actor, producer, and screenwriter[32]
1957 – Tony Lewis , English singer and songwriter (d. 2020)[37]
1958 – Tamara Bykova , Russian high jumper
1959 – Florence Griffith Joyner , American sprinter and actress (d. 1998)[26]
1959 – Krishnamachari Srikkanth , Indian cricketer
1960 – Sherry Rehman , Pakistani journalist, politician, and diplomat, 25th Pakistan Ambassador to the United States
1961 – Ryuji Sasai , Japanese bass player and composer
1963 – Govinda , Indian actor, singer, and politician
1964 – Kunihiko Ikuhara , Japanese director and illustrator
1964 – Joe Kocur , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1965 – Glenn Coleman , Australian rugby league player
1965 – Andy Dick , American actor and comedian[38]
1965 – Anke Engelke , Canadian-German actress, director, and screenwriter
1966 – Michelle Hurd , American actress[32]
1966 – William Ruto , 5th President of Kenya [26]
1966 – Kiefer Sutherland , British-Canadian actor, director, and producer[39]
1967 – Terry Mills , American basketball player and coach
1967 – Mikheil Saakashvili , Georgian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Georgia [40]
1969 – Julie Delpy , French model, actress, director, and screenwriter[32]
1969 – Mihails Zemļinskis , Latvian footballer, coach, and manager
1971 – Matthieu Chedid , French singer-songwriter and guitarist
1971 – Natalie Grant , American singer-songwriter and author[32]
1972 – Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy , Indian Politician, 17th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
1973 – Irakli Alasania , Georgian colonel and politician, Georgian Minister of Defense
1973 – Matías Almeyda , Argentine footballer and manager
1974 – Karrie Webb , Australian golfer
1975 – Paloma Herrera , Argentine ballerina
1977 – Buddy Carlyle , American baseball player[41]
1977 – Corey Collymore , Barbadian cricketer[42]
1977 – Leon MacDonald , New Zealand rugby player
1977 – Emmanuel Macron , French politician, 25th President of France [43]
1977 – Freddy Sanchez , American baseball player[44]
1978 – Emiliano Brembilla , Italian swimmer
1978 – Charles Dera , American pornographic actor, dancer, model, and mixed martial arts fighter
1978 – Shaun Morgan , South African musician, singer, and guitarist
1978 – Rutina Wesley , American actress[32]
1979 – Steve Montador , Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
1981 – Marta Fernández , Spanish basketball player[45]
1981 – Cristian Zaccardo , Italian footballer
1982 – Primo Colón , Puerto Rican wrestler[46]
1982 – Philip Humber , American baseball player
1982 – Tom Payne , English actor[26]
1983 – Taylor Teagarden , American baseball player[47]
1983 – Steven Yeun , American actor[32]
1985 – Tom Sturridge , English actor
1987 – Khris Davis , American baseball player[48]
1988 – Danny Duffy , American baseball player[49]
1988 – Perri Shakes-Drayton , English sprinter and hurdler
1989 – Mark Ingram II , American football player[50]
1989 – Tamannaah , Indian actress
1991 – Nic Maddinson , Australian cricketer[51]
1991 – Otis , American wrestler[52]
1991 – Riccardo Saponara , Italian footballer
1992 – Ha Ha Clinton-Dix , American football player[53]
1992 – Jamie Oleksiak , Canadian ice hockey player[54]
1994 – Luke Brooks , Australian rugby league player[55]
1996 – Kaitlyn Dever , American actress[32]
1997 – Madelyn Cline , American actress and model[26]
1997 – Charlie McAvoy , American ice hockey player [56]
2002 – Clara Tauson , Danish tennis player[57]
Deaths
Pre-1600
AD 72 – Thomas the Apostle , Roman martyr and saint (b. 1 AD)
882 – Hincmar , French archbishop and historian (b. 806)
956 – Sun Sheng , Chinese chancellor
975 – Al-Mu'izz , Fatimid caliph (b. 932)
1001 – Hugh of Tuscany , Italian margrave (b. 950)
1215 – Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid , Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq of Tayyibi Isma'ilism (b. c. 1128)[58]
1308 – Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (b. 1244)
1338 – Thomas Hemenhale , bishop of Worcester
1362 – Constantine III , king of Armenia (b. 1313)
1375 – Giovanni Boccaccio , Italian author and poet (b. 1313)
1504 – Berthold von Henneberg , German archbishop (b. 1442)
1536 – John Seymour , English courtier (b. 1474)
1549 – Marguerite de Navarre , queen of Henry II of Navarre (b. 1492)
1581 – Jean de la Cassière , 51st Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1502)
1597 – Peter Canisius , Dutch priest and saint (b. 1521)
1601–1900
1901–present
1920 – Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , leader of the Dervish movement (b. 1856)
1929 – I. L. Patterson , American politician, 18th Governor of Oregon (b. 1859)
1933 – Knud Rasmussen , Greenlandic anthropologist and explorer (b. 1879)
1935 – Ted Birnie , English footballer and manager (b. 1878)
1935 – Kurt Tucholsky , German-Swedish journalist and author (b. 1890)
1937 – Violette Neatley Anderson , American judge (b. 1882)[59]
1937 – Ted Healy , American comedian and actor (b. 1896)
1937 – Frank B. Kellogg , American lawyer and politician, 45th United States Secretary of State , Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1856)
1940 – F. Scott Fitzgerald , American novelist and short story writer (b. 1896)
1945 – George S. Patton , American general (b. 1885)
1948 – Władysław Witwicki , Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (b. 1878)[60]
1952 – Kenneth Edwards , American golfer (b. 1886)
1953 – Kaarlo Koskelo , Finnish-American wrestler and businessman (b. 1888)
1957 – Eric Coates , English viola player and composer (b. 1886)
1958 – H.B. Warner , English actor (b. 1875)
1958 – Lion Feuchtwanger , German-American author and playwright (b. 1884)
1959 – Rosanjin , Japanese calligrapher, engraver, and painter (b. 1883)
1963 – Jack Hobbs , English cricketer and journalist (b. 1882)
1964 – Carl Van Vechten , American author and photographer (b. 1880)[61]
1965 – Claude Champagne , Canadian violinist, pianist, and composer (b. 1891)
1968 – Vittorio Pozzo , Italian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1886)
1974 – Richard Long , American actor and director (b. 1927)
1982 – Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri , Pakistani poet and composer (b. 1900)
1983 – Paul de Man , Belgian-born philosopher, literary critic and theorist (b. 1919)
1988 – Nikolaas Tinbergen , Dutch-English ethologist and ornithologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)
1992 – Stella Adler , American actress and educator (b. 1901)[62]
1992 – Albert King , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1924)
1992 – Nathan Milstein , Russian-American violinist and composer (b. 1903)
1998 – Ernst-Günther Schenck , German colonel and physician (b. 1904)
2004 – Autar Singh Paintal , Indian physiologist and neurologist (b. 1925)
2006 – Saparmurat Niyazov , Turkmen engineer and politician, 1st President of Turkmenistan (b. 1940)
2009 – Edwin G. Krebs , American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
2009 – Christos Lambrakis , Greek journalist and businessman (b. 1934)
2010 – Enzo Bearzot , Italian footballer and manager (b. 1927)
2013 – Edgar Bronfman, Sr. , Canadian-American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1929)
2013 – John Eisenhower , American historian, general, and diplomat, 45th United States Ambassador to Belgium (b. 1922)
2014 – Udo Jürgens , Austrian-Swiss singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1934)
2014 – Sitor Situmorang , Indonesian poet and author (b. 1923)
2014 – Billie Whitelaw , English actress (b. 1932)[63]
2017 – Bruce McCandless II , US astronaut who conducted the first untethered spacewalk (b. 1937)
2019 – Andrew Clennel Palmer , British engineer (b. 1938)[64]
Holidays and observances
References
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