Hazel grouse

Hazel grouse
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Galliformes
Family:	Phasianidae
Genus:	Tetrastes
Species:	T. bonasia
Binomial name
	Tetrastes bonasia; (Linnaeus, 1758)
	Range of T. bonasia
Synonyms
	Tetrao bonasia Linnaeus, 1758; Bonasa bonasia (Linnaeus, 1758);

The hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia), sometimes called the hazel hen, is one of the smaller members of the grouse family of birds. It is a sedentary species, breeding across the Palearctic as far east as Hokkaido, and as far west as eastern and central Europe, in dense, damp, mixed coniferous woodland, preferably with some spruce. The bird is sometimes referred to as "rabchick" (from рябчик) by early 20th century English speaking travellers to Russia.^[3]

Description

This is a relatively small grouse at 35–39 cm (14–15 in) length. The plumage of this plump bird is finely patterned, but it essentially has grey upperparts, brown wings and chestnut flecked white underparts.

The male has a short erectile crest and a white-bordered black throat. The female has a shorter crest and lacks the black color on the throat. In flight, this species shows a black-tipped grey tail.

The male has a high-pitched ti-ti-ti-ti-ti call, and the female a liquid tettettettettet. These calls, along with the burr of the flying birds' wings, are often the only indication of this grouse's presence, since its shyness and dense woodland habitat make it difficult to see.

Taxonomy

The hazel grouse has 11 recognized subspecies:^[4]

T. b. amurensis (Riley, 1925)
T. b. bonasia (Linnaeus, 1758)
T. b. griseonota (Salomonsen, 1947)
T. b. kolymensis (Buturlin, 1916)
T. b. rhenanus (Kleinschmidt, 1917)
T. b. rupestris (Brehm & CL, 1831)
T. b. schiebeli (Kleinschmidt, 1943)
T. b. sibiricus (Buturlin, 1916)
T. b. styriacus (von Jordans & Schiebel, 1944)
T. b. vicinitas (Riley, 1915)
T. b. yamashinai (Momiyama, 1928)

Feeding

This bird feeds on the ground, taking mainly plant food, supplemented by insects when breeding.

Breeding

These birds nest on the ground, with 3–6 eggs being the normal clutch size. The female incubates the eggs and cares for the chicks alone, as is typical with gamebirds.

References

^ BirdLife International (2016). "Bonasa bonasia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22679494A85936486. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679494A85936486.en. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
^ Peterson, Alan P. "Birds of the World — current valid scientific avian names". Retrieved 27 January 2010.
^ "Chapter XXIV".
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Pheasants, partridges, francolins". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 13 October 2021.