The son of Major Arthur Kerr Slessor and Adelaide Slessor (née Cotesworth), Slessor was born in Ranikhet, India, on 3 June 1897, and educated at Haileybury.[1] Lame in both legs as a result of polio, he was rejected for army service in 1914 and received a commission as a second lieutenant in the Royal Flying Corps on 6 July 1915 only with the help of family connections.[1][2] He was appointed to the Special Reserve as a flying officer on 9 September 1915,[3] and confirmed in his rank of second lieutenant on 28 September.[4] Slessor saw action with No. 17 Squadron in Egypt and the Sudan, where he was credited with arresting the escape of Sultan Ali Dinar and 2,000 men on 23 May 1916, following the Sultan's defeat at Beringia. He was mentioned in despatches on 25 October before being wounded in the thigh and invalided back to England.[5][6]
Having left the RAF as a flight lieutenant on 21 August 1919,[15] Slessor applied to rejoin and was offered a short-service commission at the same rank on 24 February 1920.[16] In May 1921, he became a flight commander with No. 20 Squadron, which operated Bristol Fighters on the North-West Frontier of India.[5][17] He joined the staff at the Directorate of Training and Staff Duties in the Air Ministry in February 1923.[5] The same year, he married Hermione Grace Guinness; they had a son and a daughter.[1] He attended the RAF Staff College, Andover, in 1924,[5] and was promoted squadron leader on 1 January 1925.[18]
Slessor commanded No. 4 (Army Cooperation) Squadron, which flew Bristol Fighters out of RAF Farnborough, from April 1925 to October 1928, when he joined the air planning staff at the Directorate of Operations and Intelligence at the Air Ministry.[5][19] He attended the Staff College, Camberley, in 1931, and was appointed RAF Directing Staff Officer there in January 1932.[5] Slessor was promoted acting wing commander on 1 January 1932 (substantive on 1 July).[20][21] He became Officer Commanding No. 3 (Indian) Wing at Quetta in March 1935,[22] and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for operations in Waziristan between 25 November 1936 and 16 January 1937.[23]
In 1936, Slessor published Air Power and Armies, an examination of the use of air power against targets on and behind the battlefield. In this work he advocated army co-operation, interdiction to cut off enemy reinforcements and supply, and the use of aerial bombardment as a weapon against enemy morale.[24] He did, however, acknowledge the limitations of his theory, stating:[25]
...the conditions envisaged throughout [this book] are those of a campaign on the land in which the primary problem at the time is the defeat of an enemy army in the field. ... in a war against a great Naval power at sea, or when the principle threat to the Empire at the time is the action of hostile air forces against this country or its possessions, the aim and objectives of the air forces of the Empire will not be the same as described in this book.
On 17 May 1937, following his posting to India, Slessor was promoted acting group captain,[26] and appointed deputy director of Plans at the Air Ministry.[27] He was promoted to substantive group captain on 1 July 1937.[28] Mentioned in despatches on 18 February 1938,[29] he took over as Director of Plans on 22 December 1938.[30] He was appointed Air Aide-de-Camp to the King on 1 January 1939.[31]
Second World War
Air Marshal Slessor as Air Member for Personnel, inspecting Czecho-Slovak personnel during the farewell parade of Czech squadrons at Manston, Kent, in 1945
Slessor was closely involved in planning the combined Allied air offensive in Europe. At the Casablanca Conference in January 1943, he was able to influence Britain's Secretary for Air, Sir Archibald Sinclair, and Chief of the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Portal, to agree to USAAF proposals that led to a "round-the clock" bombing policy against Germany, with the US mounting daylight precision attacks and the RAF conducting area bombing at night.[9] Slessor's assigned personal pilot was Flight Lieutenant Owen Phillipps DFC, an Australian from No. 14 Squadron RAF and a distinguished veteran of the Mediterranean conflict.[36]
Slessor was promoted air chief marshal on 1 January 1946.[46] He continued to serve as Air Member for Personnel, responsible for overseeing the demobilisation of the wartime RAF, until 1 October 1947.[1][47] At the urging of the-then Chief of the Air Staff, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Arthur Tedder, Slessor succeeded General Sir William Slim as Commandant of the Imperial Defence College.[48][49] Slessor had been dubious about accepting the position, and sought assurances from Tedder that he would be next in line for the post of Chief of the Air Staff, particularly in light of Tedder's preference for Air Chief Marshal Sir Ralph Cochrane to succeed him.[49] Meanwhile, Slessor was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 10 June 1948,[50] and became Principal Air Aide-de-Camp to the King on 1 July.[51] In the event, he took over from Tedder as Chief of the Air Staff on 1 January 1950, and chose Cochrane as his Vice Chief of the Air Staff.[49][52] Slessor was promoted Marshal of the Royal Air Force on 8 June 1950.[53] In late 1951, he reluctantly became involved in the Australian Government's quest for a suitable RAF officer to serve as Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Australian Air Force. He eventually selected Air Marshal Donald Hardman as the "outstanding candidate" for the Australian post, trying to avoid what he called "the follies of some years ago", referring to Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Burnett's controversial tenure as Chief of the Air Staff in Australia on secondment from Britain in the early years of the Second World War.[54]
Victor bomber pictured in 1959
As leader of the RAF, Slessor coined the term "V-Force" to denote its planned trio of strategic jet bombers—the Vickers Valiant, Handley Page Victor, and Avro Vulcan—and contributed to the decision to build all three designs.[24][55] He played a key role in promoting nuclear weapons as an effective instrument of deterrence in early Cold War British strategy. In 1952, the RAF argued that, because bombers were such an important deterrent, conventional forces could be drastically reduced at a time when the Government was seeking significant public expenditure savings.[56] Slessor believed it unlikely that the United Kingdom would be able to meet a communist offensive without resorting to the use of tactical nuclear weapons.[57] He became one of the key propagandists of the "Great Deterrent" (which he employed as the title of a book he wrote after he retired) on both sides of the Atlantic.[58][59] Slessor's term as Chief of the Air Staff was dominated by the Korean War.[48]
Later life
Completing his term as Chief of the Air Staff on 31 December 1952, Slessor was succeeded by Air Chief Marshal Sir William Dickson and retired from the RAF on 29 January 1953.[60][61] He attended the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953.[62] In retirement he published two books: his autobiography, The Central Blue (1956), and The Great Deterrent (1957). He served as Honorary Air Commodore of No. 3 (County of Devon) Maritime Headquarters Unit, Royal Auxiliary Air Force, from 23 May 1963 to 5 May 1969.[63][64] His wife, Lady Hermione, was appointed a Serving Sister of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem on 2 July 1963.[65]
On 24 March 1965, Slessor was appointed Sheriff of Somerset for the following year.[66] He was commissioned a Deputy Lieutenant of Somerset in April 1969.[67] Slessor was also a director of Blackburn Aircraft and governor of several schools.[1] After Hermione's death, he married Marcella Florence Priest (née Spurgeon) in 1971. Slessor died at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Wroughton, in Wiltshire on 12 July 1979.[1] His son John also joined the RAF, rising to the rank of group captain.[68]
Slessor, Sir John (1957). The Great Deterrent. London: Cassell. OCLC2602099.
Stephens, Alan (1995). Going Solo: The Royal Australian Air Force 1946–1971. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN978-0-644-42803-3.
Further reading
Orange, Vincent (2006). Bomber Champion: The Life of Marshal of the RAF Sir John Slessor, GCB, DSO, MC. London: Grub Street. ISBN978-1904943570.
Slessor, Sir John (1957). The Central Blue: The Autobiography of Sir John Slessor, Marshal of the RAF. Frederick A. Praeger, Inc. ASINB0007E5ZK4.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Slessor.
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