Neuropeptide S receptor

NPSR1
Identifiers
Aliases	NPSR1, ASRT2, GPR154, GPRA, NPSR, PGR14, VRR1, neuropeptide S receptor 1
External IDs	OMIM: 608595; MGI: 2441738; HomoloGene: 45515; GeneCards: NPSR1; OMA:NPSR1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	34,878,332 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	24,227,694 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	testicle; ; gonad; ; ganglionic eminence; ; hypothalamus; ; prefrontal cortex; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; anterior cingulate cortex; ; ventricular zone; ; Brodmann area 9; ; rectum;
	Top expressed in
	dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; cerebellar cortex; ; primary visual cortex; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; hypothalamus; ; neural layer of retina; ; hippocampus proper; ; thymus; ; lens; ; olfactory bulb;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	G protein-coupled receptor activity; vasopressin receptor activity; signal transducer activity; neuropeptide receptor activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; integral component of membrane; plasma membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; membrane;
Biological process	positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; neuropeptide signaling pathway; signal transduction; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	387129
	319239
	ENSG00000187258
	ENSMUSG00000043659
	Q6W5P4
	Q8BZP8
	NM_207173; NM_001300933; NM_001300934; NM_001300935; NM_207172
	NM_175678
	NP_001287862; NP_001287863; NP_001287864; NP_997055; NP_997056
	NP_783609
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

The neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins^[5] which binds neuropeptide S (NPS).^[6] It was formerly an orphan receptor, GPR154, until the discovery of neuropeptide S as the endogenous ligand. Increased expression of this gene in ciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium and in bronchial smooth muscle cells is associated with asthma. This gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor 1 family and encodes a plasma membrane protein. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with this disease.^[7]

Clinical significance

In the CNS, activation of the NPSR by NPS promotes arousal and anxiolytic-like effects.^[8]^[9]

In addition, mututations in NPSR have been linked to a susceptibility to asthma (rs3249801, A107I).^[10] Hence NPSR has also been called GPRA (G protein-coupled receptor for asthma susceptibility). Activation of NPSR in the airway epithelium has a number of effects including upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases which are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.^[11] It has been shown that activation of NPSR by NPS affects both gastrointestinal motility and mucosal permeability simultaneously. Aberrant signaling and upregulation of NPSR1 could potentially exacerbate dysmotility and hyperpermeability by local mechanisms in gastrointestinal functional and inflammatory reactions.^[12]

The very rare NPSR mutation Y206H, which makes the receptor more sensitive to NPS, is found in human families that need less sleep time than normal ones. It has similar effects in transgenic mice, making them resistant to memory impairment caused by lack of sleep.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187258 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000043659 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Vassilatis DK, Hohmann JG, Zeng H, Li F, Ranchalis JE, Mortrud MT, Brown A, Rodriguez SS, Weller JR, Wright AC, Bergmann JE, Gaitanaris GA (Apr 2003). "The G protein-coupled receptor repertoires of human and mouse". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (8): 4903–8. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.4903V. doi:10.1073/pnas.0230374100. PMC 153653. PMID 12679517.
^ Vendelin J, Pulkkinen V, Rehn M, Pirskanen A, Räisänen-Sokolowski A, Laitinen A, Laitinen LA, Kere J, Laitinen T (Sep 2005). "Characterization of GPRA, a novel G protein-coupled receptor related to asthma". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 33 (3): 262–70. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2004-0405OC. PMID 15947423.
^ "Entrez Gene: NPSR1 neuropeptide S receptor 1".
^ Xu YL, Reinscheid RK, Huitron-Resendiz S, Clark SD, Wang Z, Lin SH, Brucher FA, Zeng J, Ly NK, Henriksen SJ, de Lecea L, Civelli O (Aug 2004). "Neuropeptide S: a neuropeptide promoting arousal and anxiolytic-like effects". Neuron. 43 (4): 487–97. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.005. PMID 15312648. S2CID 15601843.
^ Okamura N, Reinscheid RK (Aug 2007). "Neuropeptide S: a novel modulator of stress and arousal". Stress. 10 (3): 221–6. doi:10.1080/10253890701248673. PMID 17613937. S2CID 39068808.
^ Laitinen T, Polvi A, Rydman P, Vendelin J, Pulkkinen V, Salmikangas P, Mäkelä S, Rehn M, Pirskanen A, Rautanen A, Zucchelli M, Gullstén H, Leino M, Alenius H, Petäys T, Haahtela T, Laitinen A, Laprise C, Hudson TJ, Laitinen LA, Kere J (Apr 2004). "Characterization of a common susceptibility locus for asthma-related traits". Science. 304 (5668): 300–4. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..300L. doi:10.1126/science.1090010. PMID 15073379. S2CID 9149671.
^ Vendelin J, Bruce S, Holopainen P, Pulkkinen V, Rytilä P, Pirskanen A, Rehn M, Laitinen T, Laitinen LA, Haahtela T, Saarialho-Kere U, Laitinen A, Kere J (Oct 2006). "Downstream target genes of the neuropeptide S-NPSR1 pathway". Human Molecular Genetics. 15 (19): 2923–35. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl234. PMID 16926187.
^ Wan Saudi WS, Halim MA, Rudholm-Feldreich T, Gillberg L, Rosenqvist E, Tengholm A, Sundbom M, Karlbom U, Näslund E, Webb DL, Sjöblom M, Hellström PM (Oct 2015). "Neuropeptide S inhibits gastrointestinal motility and increases mucosal permeability through nitric oxide". Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 309 (9): G625-34. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00104.2015. PMID 26206857.
^ Xing L, Shi G, Mostovoy Y, Gentry NW, Fan Z, McMahon TB, et al. (16 October 2019). "Mutant neuropeptide S receptor reduces sleep duration with preserved memory consolidation" (PDF). Science Translational Medicine. 11 (514): eaax2014. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2014. PMC 7587149. PMID 31619542. S2CID 204756335.

External links

"Neuropeptide S Receptor". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from the original on 2016-02-06. Retrieved 2007-11-03.
NPSR1+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.