Richard N. Gardner

Richard N. Gardner
Richard N. Gardner
United States Ambassador to Spain
	In office; September 16, 1993 – July 12, 1997
President	Bill Clinton
Preceded by	Richard Goodwin Capen, Jr.
Succeeded by	Edward L. Romero
United States Ambassador to Italy
	In office; March 21, 1977 – February 27, 1981
President	Jimmy Carter
Preceded by	John A. Volpe
Succeeded by	Maxwell M. Rabb
Personal details
Born	Richard Newton Gardner; July 9, 1927; New York City, U.S.
Died	February 16, 2019 (aged 91); New York City, U.S.
Spouse	Danielle L. Gardner
Children	Anthony L. Gardner; Nina L. Gardner;
Alma mater	Harvard College
Occupation	professor and diplomat

Richard Newton Gardner (July 9, 1927 – February 16, 2019) was an American diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Spain and the United States Ambassador to Italy. He was also a professor emeritus of law at Columbia Law School.^[3]

Life and career

Gardner was born in New York City, New York, the son of Ethel (née Alias) and Samuel Gardner (former family name was Goldberg^[1]).^[2] He served in the United States Armed Forces during World War II. Gardner graduated from Harvard University with a B.A. degree in Economics, a J.D. from Yale Law School, and was a Rhodes Scholar, receiving a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Economics from Oxford University. He wrote several books and articles.^[4]^[5] Gardner became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1974^[6] and a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1998.^[7] Gardner died in New York City on February 16, 2019, at the age of 91.^[8]

^ ^a ^b Sarah Ebner (January 12, 2018). "Diplomat Anthony Luzzatto Gardner rediscovers his heritage". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Gaia Pianigiani (February 27, 2019). "Richard Gardner, Cold War Envoy to an Italy in Strife, Dies at 91". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
^ Gerardo Pelosi (February 18, 2019). "Morto Gardner, l'ambasciatore Usa che per primo concesse il visto a Giorgio Napolitano". Il Sole 24 Ore (in Italian). Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
^ American Academy of Diplomacy Biography
^ In Memoriam:Professor Richard Gardner
^ "Richard Newton Gardner". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-12-03.
^ Emily Langer (February 19, 2019). "Richard Gardner, who helped mold U.S. foreign policy as professor and ambassador, dies at 91". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by John A. Volpe	United States Ambassador to Italy 1977–1981	Succeeded by Maxwell M. Rabb
Preceded by Richard Goodwin Capen, Jr.	United States Ambassador to Spain 1993–1997	Succeeded by Edward L. Romero