SS Rohilla

	transport ship Rohilla at Port Said, 1914
History
United Kingdom
Name	Rohilla
Owner	British India Steam Navigation Co
Port of registry	Glasgow
Route	1906: London – Calcutta
Builder	Harland & Wolff, Belfast
Yard number	381
Launched	6 September 1906
Completed	16 November 1906
Identification	UK official number 124149; code letters HJQK; ;
Fate	On 30 October 1914, struck a reef at Saltwick, near Whitby, and sank.
Notes
General characteristics
Type	Passenger ship/troopship, later hospital ship
Tonnage	7,114 GRT, 3,970 NRT
Length	460.1 ft (140.2 m)
Beam	56.0 ft (17.1 m)
Depth	30.6 ft (9.3 m)
Installed power	8,000 ihp (6,000 kW)
Propulsion	Twin Harland & Wolff quadruple expansion engines
Speed	16.6 knots (30.7 km/h; 19.1 mph)
Capacity	167 passengers; later about 1,600 troops
Notes	sister ship: Rewa; ;

Rohilla was a passenger steamer of the British India Steam Navigation Company which was built for service between the UK and India, and as a troopship. After becoming a hospital ship in the First World War, She ran aground in October 1914, near Whitby, with the loss of 83 lives.

History

Rohilla was ordered in 1905 by the British India Steam Navigation Company (BI) from Harland & Wolff of Belfast, at the same time as sister ship Rewa from William Denny & Bros at Dumbarton. They differed mainly in their engines: Rewa was triple-screw with steam turbines, while Rohilla had a pair of quadruple expansion steam engines, also made by Harland & Wolff, and twin screws. Rohilla's engines totalled 8,000 indicated horsepower (6,000 kW), producing 16.6 knots (30.7 km/h; 19.1 mph) on sea trials. Although ordered for the London to Calcutta service, increased competition prompted BI to design the two sisters to be suitable also as troopships.^[1]

The ship was named Rohilla in honour of the Rohillas, Pashtun highlanders who lived in Rohilkhand, east of Delhi, in the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.^[1]

After entering service, the sisters were soon taken up for trooping, in 1908 for Rohilla as 'Troopship No.6'. Two years later they were the first BI ships to have wireless telegraphy installed, and were both hired in that year for the Coronation Fleet Review, carrying members of the House of Lords (Rewa) and House of Commons (Rohilla).^[1]

Loss

Rohilla was called up at the outset of the First World War and converted into a naval hospital ship.^[1] HMHS (His Majesty's Hospital Ship) Rohilla had only a short life in that role. On 30 October 1914, sailing from South Queensferry, Firth of Forth for Dunkirk to evacuate wounded soldiers, the ship ran aground on Saltwick Nab, a reef about a mile east of Whitby, North Riding of Yorkshire, during a full North North East gale and with the lighthouses unlit due to the war. The reef is about 400 yards (370 m) offshore and the ship soon broke her back.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The conditions made rescue extremely difficult, but six lifeboats the John Fielden, Robert and Mary Ellis (Whitby), William Riley of Birmingham and Leamington (Upgang), the motor lifeboat Bradford Middlesbrough, Queensbury Scarborough, North Yorkshire, but it was the motor lifeboat Henry Vernon Tynemouth that was to take off the final souls and attempted to close on the wreck.^[2]^[4] Over the next three days, some of those who attempted to swim to safety in the raging seas were rescued, though many were lost, and lifeboats were able to rescue others.^[5] In all, 146 of the 229 on board, including Captain Neilson and all the nurses, as well as Titanic survivor Mary Kezia Roberts, survived.^[2]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Captain Nielson believed that the ship had struck a mine before grounding.^[9] An inquest jury exonerated Nielson from all blame and recommended that all passenger vessels carry rocket apparatus rather than rely on rockets fired to the ship from shore, and also that a motor lifeboat be stationed at Whitby.^[9]

The Gold Medal of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, the Institute's highest honour, was presented to Superintendent Major H. E. Burton and Coxswain Robert Smith of the Tynemouth lifeboat Henry Vernon and to Coxswain Thomas Langlands of the Whitby lifeboat. The Empire Gallantry Medal (subsequently changed to the George Cross) was awarded to Burton and Smith in 1924.^[10]^[11] In 1917 a monument was erected at Whitby by the British India Steam Navigation Company, commemorating all those who lost their lives in the tragedy.^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Laxon, W A (Bill); Perry, F W (Fred) (1994). B I: The British India Steam Navigation Company Limited. Kendal: World Ship Society. pp. 100–101, 245. ISBN 0-905617-65-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hocking, Charles (1969). Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam: Vol II. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. p. 594.
^ "Seventy lost when British hospital ship is wrecked". The Fort Wayne News (Fort Wayne, Indiana). Underwood & Underwood. 18 November 1914. p. 2. Retrieved 6 January 2020. Among those who were brought ashore by the life guards was the Rev. Holland Allen, chaplain of the Rohilla.
^ BBC: Coast, Series 7
^ "The Rohilla Wreck". Shields Daily News. 2 November 1914. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
^ "Titanic Survivors". Encyclopedia Titanica. 9 September 2002. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
^ "The Wrecked Hospital Ship". The Times. London. 1 November 1914. p. 1.
^ "Hospital Ship Wreck". The Times. London. 2 November 1914. p. 3.
^ ^a ^b "The Rohilla Mined". The Times. London. 6 November 1914. p. 5.
^ "Lifeboat-men's Gallantry, Court Circular". The Times. London. 1 July 1924. pp. 13 & 19.
^ "Memorial to a Lifeboat Hero". The Times. London. 6 June 1928. p. 21.
^ "A 'Rohilla' Monument at Whitby". Craven Herald. 15 June 1917. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.