Underwater Hockey World Championships
International event for the sport of Underwater Hockey
Underwater Hockey World Championships Sport Underwater Hockey Established 1980; 44 years ago (1980 ) Format Single round robin then playoffs Elite New Zealand (men's; 2023) Australia (women's; 2023)Masters United States (men's; 2023) France (women's; 2023)U-24 Turkey (men's; 2019) New Zealand (women's; 2019)U-19 New Zealand (men's; 2019) New Zealand (women's; 2019)
The Underwater Hockey World Championship is the peak international event for the underwater sport of Underwater Hockey . The event is conducted on behalf of the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) by an affiliated national federation.
History
The championship was first held in 1980 in Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada after the intended initial championship scheduled for 1979 was beset by difficulties and ultimately postponed, due to the invitation of a team from South Africa and the problems associated with apartheid .[citation needed ]
Subsequently, a world championship has been held every two years in locations around the world up until 2006. 2006 saw many CMAS-affiliated national federations as well as the majority of the CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission members in dispute with CMAS over policy and governance matters concerning underwater hockey. Out of the divide the World Aquachallenge Association (WAA) - an alternative governing body - was born.[1]
In 2007 CMAS intended to incorporate the Underwater Hockey World Championship into its inaugural World Games event in Bari , Italy , an ambitious event intended to showcase all of the underwater disciplines (Underwater Rugby , Finswimming etc) governed by them in one place. As far as underwater hockey goes this event was poorly attended, in part due to it being 'out of synch' with many affiliated federations' training calendars and budgets. The following year - the 'normal' world championship year - the WAA organised their 'rival' 1st World Championship event in Durban , South Africa . This is now held by many to have been the official 2008 World Championship despite it being poorly attended too, in part this time because CMAS organised a major underwater hockey 'zone' event to be held in Istanbul , Turkey on exactly the same dates meaning a majority of European federations were forced to choose which championship their representative teams attended.[citation needed ]
The WAA was short-lived and since 2008 CMAS has once again administered all the world championship events in various age/gender divisions with the most recent having been held in Quebec City , Canada in 2018. World championships in the different age categories are now scheduled for every second year.[2]
Editions Summary
Championships conducted by CMAS
Source:[3]
Senior
Year
Date
Championship
Location
Nations
Events
Champions
Runners-up
Third place
Fourth place
Ref.
1980
July 12 – 16
1st World Championship
Vancouver , Canada[5]
5
Men's
Netherlands
Great Britain
Australia
Canada
[6]
1982
February 20 – 25
2nd World Championship
Brisbane , Australia[7]
2
Men's
Australia
New Zealand
—
—
[6]
3
Women's
Australia
New Zealand
Canada
—
1984
May 1 – 10
3rd World Championship
Chicago , United States[8]
8
Men's
Australia
Netherlands
Great Britain
United States
[6]
Women's
Australia
New Zealand
United States
Canada
1986
April 16 – 27
4th World Championship
Adelaide , Australia[9]
7
Men's
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
Netherlands
[6]
2
Women's
Australia
New Zealand
—
—
1988
April 5 – 13
5th World Championship
Amersfoort , Netherlands[10]
9
Men's
Australia
Netherlands
Canada
New Zealand
[6]
Women's
New Zealand
United States
Australia
Great Britain
1990
May 31 – June 9
6th World Championship
Montreal , Canada[11]
9
Men's
Australia
Great Britain
Canada
New Zealand
[6]
Women's
Australia
New Zealand
United States
Great Britain
1992
May 12 – 20
7th World Championship
Wellington , New Zealand[12]
9
Men's Elite
Australia
New Zealand
South Africa
Great Britain
[6]
Men's Masters
Australia
New Zealand
—
—
Women's
South Africa
Australia
New Zealand
Great Britain
1994
April 17 – 24
8th World Championship
Grand Couronne , France[13]
10
Men's Elite
Australia
South Africa
United States
France
[6]
Men's Masters
South Africa
Great Britain
Australia
France
Women's
Australia
South Africa
Great Britain
France
1996
July 11 – 20
9th World Championship
Durban , South Africa[14]
11
Men's Elite
Australia
South Africa
New Zealand
Netherlands
[6]
Men's Masters
South Africa
Australia
Great Britain
United States
Women's
South Africa
Australia
France
New Zealand
1998
June 4 – 13
10th World Championship
San José , United States[15]
14
Men's Elite
France
South Africa
Australia
New Zealand
[6]
Men's Masters
South Africa
Great Britain
United States
Australia
Women's Elite
South Africa
Australia
United States
Canada
Women's Masters
South Africa
United States
Great Britain
—
2000
April 25 – 29
11th World Championship
Hobart , Australia[16]
15
Men's Elite
Australia
France
Canada
South Africa
[6]
Men's Masters
Australia
South Africa
New Zealand
United States
Women's Elite
Australia
Canada
South Africa
United States
Women's Masters
South Africa
Australia
New Zealand
Great Britain
2002
July 20 – 28
12th World Championship
Calgary , Canada[17]
13
Men's Elite
Australia
New Zealand
France
Netherlands
[6]
Men's Masters
United States
South Africa
Great Britain
Canada
Women's Elite
Australia
Canada
South Africa
Great Britain
Women's Masters
South Africa
Australia
United States
Great Britain
Youth
Great Britain
United States
Canada
—
2004
March 22 – 31
13th World Championship
Christchurch , New Zealand[18]
9
Men's: Elite
New Zealand
Australia
France
Netherlands
[6]
Men's: Masters
United States
Australia
France
Great Britain
Men's: U-19
New Zealand
Great Britain
Australia
United States
Women's: Elite
Netherlands
New Zealand
South Africa
France
Women's: Masters
United States
Australia
France
Great Britain
Women's: U-19
New Zealand
Great Britain
South Africa
—
2006
August 15 – 24
14th World Championship
Sheffield , United Kingdom[19] [20]
17
Men's: Elite
New Zealand
Netherlands
France
Australia
[21] [6]
Men's: Masters
United States
South Africa
France
Great Britain
Men's: U-19
New Zealand
Great Britain
France
Canada
Women's: Elite
Australia
South Africa
Netherlands
Great Britain
Women's: Masters
United States
Great Britain
Canada
—
Women's: U-19
New Zealand
Great Britain
South Africa
—
2007
July 31 – August 4
Disputed 15th World Championship (Part of 1st CMAS Games)
Bari , Italy[22]
6[23]
Men's: Elite
France
Turkey
Unknown
[24]
4[23]
Women's: Elite
France
Turkey
Unknown
2009[b]
August 21 – 29
16th World Championship
Kranj , Slovenia[25] [26]
12
Men's: Elite
France
South Africa
Great Britain
Turkey
[6] [27]
7
Women's: Elite
Great Britain
South Africa
Unknown
2011
August 16 – 27
17th World Championship
Coimbra , Portugal[28] [29]
10
Men's: Elite
Australia
South Africa
Columbia
France
[6]
8
Women's: Elite
Great Britain
Australia
Unknown
2013
August 23 – September 1
18th World Championship[30]
Eger , Hungary[31]
15
Men's: Elite
France
New Zealand
Australia
Great Britain
[32] [6] [33]
9
Men's: Masters
Australia
Netherlands
Great Britain
Unknown
16
Women's: Elite
New Zealand
Great Britain
Unknown
Australia
6
Women's: Masters
Australia
South Africa
Great Britain
Unknown
2016
March 22 – April 2
19th World Championship
Stellenbosch , South Africa[citation needed ]
14
Men's: Elite
Australia
Turkey
Great Britain
Columbia
[34]
13
Men's: Masters
Australia
Great Britain
France
Netherlands
9
Women's: Elite
South Africa
New Zealand
France
Columbia
8
Women's: Masters
Australia
South Africa
Columbia
France
2018
July 18 – 28
20th World Championship
Quebec City , Canada[35]
14
Men's: Elite
New Zealand
France
Turkey
Great Britain
[36]
13
Men's: Masters
France
South Africa
Canada
Great Britain
9
Women's: Elite
New Zealand
Great Britain
Columbia
South Africa
6
Women's: Masters
France
Australia
Columbia
Canada
2020, moved to 2021
July 20– August 1
21st World Championship cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Gold Coast , Australia
N/A
Men's: Elite
N/A
Men's: Masters
N/A
Women's: Elite
N/A
Women's: Masters
N/A
2022
July 23 – 31
World Cup (International Restart Event)[c]
Ankara , Turkey
Men's: Elite
Unknown
Men's: Masters
Unknown
Women's: Elite
Unknown
Women's: Masters
Unknown
2023[d]
July 18 – 30
21st World Championship
Gold Coast , Australia
12
Men's: Elite
New Zealand
France
Great Britain
Turkey
[38]
8
Men's: Masters
United States
France
New Zealand
Australia
13
Women's: Elite
Australia
France
Columbia
Great Britain
5
Women's: Masters
France
Australia
New Zealand
United States
Junior
Year
Date
Championship
Location
Nations
Events
Champions
Runners-up
Third place
Fourth place
Ref.
2013
August 23 – September 1
2nd Junior World Championship[e]
Eger , Hungary
6
Men's: U-23
New Zealand
Australia
Unknown
[32] [6] [33]
7
Men's: U-19
Colombia
Unknown
Australia
5
Women's: U-23
New Zealand
Unknown
Great Britain
Unknown
4
Women's: U-19
New Zealand
Unknown
Australia
2015
August 6 – 15
3rd Junior World Championship
Castello de la Plana , Spain
8
Men's: U-23
Turkey
Australia
New Zealand
Columbia
[6] [39]
10
Men's: U-19
New Zealand
France
Colombia
Great Britain
8
Women's: U-23
Colombia
Netherlands
Great Britain
Australia
8
Women's: U-19
South Africa
New Zealand
France
Colombia
2017
July 15 – 23
4th Junior World Championship
Hobart , Australia
10
Men's: U-23
Turkey
Unknown
[40]
9
Men's: U-19
France
Unknown
8
Women's: U-23
New Zealand
Unknown
7
Women's: U-19
New Zealand
Unknown
2019
August 14 – 24
5th Junior World Championship
Sheffield , United Kingdom
11
Men's: U-24
Turkey
Great Britain
New Zealand
South Africa
[41]
7
Men's: U-19
New Zealand
Great Britain
Spain
South Africa
7
Women's: U-24
New Zealand
France
South Africa
Great Britain
5
Women's: U-19
New Zealand
Columbia
France
Great Britain
2021, moved to 2022
July 23 – 31
World Cup (International Restart Event)[c] [f]
Ankara , Turkey[g]
Men's: U-24
Unknown
Men's: U-19
Unknown
Women's: U-24
Unknown
Women's: U-19
Unknown
2024
July 16 – 27
6th Junior World Championship
Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
Men's: U-24
TBA
Men's: U-19
TBA
Women's: U-24
TBA
Women's: U-19
TBA
Championships conducted by WAA
The 1st WAA World Championships is considered by some as being the legitimate 15th Championships.[42]
Year
Date
Championship
Location
Nations
Events
Champions
Runners-up
Third place
Fourth place
Ref.
2008
April 25 – May 3
Alternative 15th World Championship and 1st Junior World Championship
Durban, South Africa[43] [44]
10
Men's: Elite
France
New Zealand
South Africa
Australia
[6] [45]
Men's: Masters
South Africa
Netherlands
France
Great Britain
Men's: U-19
Spain
New Zealand
South Africa
Columbia
Women's: Elite
Australia
South Africa
Netherlands
New Zealand
Women's: U-19
New Zealand
Columbia
South Africa
Spain
Results by Nation
Key
Most successful in given category
Nation
Titles
Men's Elite
Women's Elite
Men's Masters
Women's Masters
Men's U-23/24
Women's U-23/24
Men's U-19
Women's U-19
Australia
26
11: 1982, 1984, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2011, 2016
9: 1982, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1994, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008[h] , 2023
4: 1992, 2000, 2013, 2016
2: 2013, 2016
New Zealand
21
4: 2004, 2006, 2018, 2023
3: 1988, 2013, 2018
1: 2013
3: 2013, 2017, 2019
4: 2004, 2006, 2015, 2019
6: 2004, 2006, 2008,[h] 2013, 2017, 2019
South Africa
11
4: 1992, 1996, 1998, 2016
3: 1996, 1998, 2008[h]
3: 1998, 2000, 2002
1: 2015
France
10
5: 1998, 2007 , 2008,[h] 2009, 2013
1: 2007
1: 2018
2: 2018, 2023
1: 2017
United States
6
4: 2002, 2004, 2006, 2023
2: 2004, 2006
Turkey
3
3: 2015, 2017, 2019
Great Britain
2: 2009, 2011
1: 2002
Colombia
2
1: 2015
1: 2013
The Netherlands
1: 1980
1: 2004
Canada
1
1: 1986
Spain
1: 2008[h]
See also
Notes
^ The 2020 World Championships, later moved to 2021, was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic .[4]
^ Due to the 2007–08 CMAS–WAA dispute, preceded World Championships occurred on odd years.
^ a b The 2022 Underwater Hockey World Cup, originally intended to be the 6th Junior World Championship and held in 2021, was the first major international tournament since the COVID-19 pandemic . The competition was reformatted to serve as an international restart tournament for all nations teams, elite, masters, and youth. The tournament will serve as a warm up to the 21st World Championship in 2023 and 6th Junior World Championship in 2024. Winners of the tournament were not crowned world champions.[37]
^ Originally scheduled for 2020
^ Held simultaneously with 18th World Championship
^ Held simultaneously with elite and masters World Cup
^ Originally to be held in Istanbul
^ a b c d e WAA
References
^ "2008 Meeting Minutes" (PDF) . WAA. Retrieved 8 June 2013 .
^ "About Underwater Hockey" . CMAS .
^ "Championships Archive" .
^ "🇦🇺 21th [sic] CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships. Gold Coast, Australia – Suspended" . 29 March 2021.
^ "1980 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "World Championship Results" . 19 April 2012.
^ "1982 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Brisbane, Australia" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013 .
^ "1984 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Chicago, United States Of America" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013 .
^ "1986 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Adelaide, Australia" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013 .
^ "1988 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013 .
^ "1990 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Montreal, Quebec, Canada" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "1992 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Wellington, New Zealand" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "1994 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "1996 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Durban, South Africa<" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "1998 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - San Jose, United States Of America" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "2000 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "2002 World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Calgary, Alberta, Canada" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "2004 World Underwater Hockey Championship FINAL - Christchurch, New Zealand, 22nd to 31st March 2004" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "2006 - 14th World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Sheffield, United Kingdom 15th August to 24th August 2006" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "2006 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships, Sheffield, UK (Official Website)" . 2006 World Championship Committee. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2013 .
^ "Home" . uwhworlds2006.net .
^ "1st CMAS World Games Underwater Hockey Tournament Bari, Italy - 31st July to 4th August 2007" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ a b https://www.sportalsub.net/blog/tiempo-de-hockey-subacuatico/
^ https://hydrouwh.com/blogs/hindsight-diary-quebec-2018/quebec-2018-18-nzl-tur-semi-final-prologue
^ "2nd CMAS WORLD GAMES UNDERWATER HOCKEY TOURNAMENT Kranj, Slovinia - 21st to 29th August 2009" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "KRANJ 16th CMAS UNDERWATER HOCKEY WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP" . CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ https://www.gbuwh.co.uk/news/boa-bulletin-172;-congratulations-to-gb-squads-in-slovenia
^ "3rd CMAS World Underwater Hockey Games (17th World Championship) Elite Teams Tournament Coimbra, Portugal, 16th to 27th August 2011" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "17th Underwater Hockey World Championship" . CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "18th CMAS WC 2013 Initial Groups" (PDF) . CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission. Retrieved 23 August 2013 .
^ "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger - Hungary. Information Pack is out" . CMAS. Retrieved 8 June 2013 .
^ a b "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger- Hungary. Information Pack is out" .
^ a b https://www.gbuwh.co.uk/news/18th-world-championships-summary-bulletin-231
^ "🇿🇦 Final Results 19th CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championship. South Africa 2016" . 2 April 2016.
^ "2018 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Quebec City, Quebec, Canada" . www.cmas.com. 27 November 2018.
^ "Underwater Hockey Scores" .
^ "🇹🇷 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Cup – Istambul, Turkey 2022" . 26 March 2022.
^ "Loading - UWH Portal" .
^ "login screen" . www.cmas.org . Retrieved February 23, 2024 .
^ "4th Age Group Underwater Hockey Championship" .
^ "Overall Results" .
^ "2008 - 15th World Underwater Hockey Championship (sic) Durban, Natal, South Africa. 25th April - 3rd May 2008" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ "World Championship results" . World Aquachallenge Association. Retrieved 8 June 2013 .
^ "2008 - 15th World Underwater Hockey Championship (sic) Durban, Natal, South Africa. 25th April - 3rd May 2008" . www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ https://www.gbuwh.co.uk/news/international-uwh-competitions-press-release-bulletin-140
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