Wyndham Deedes

Sir Wyndham Deedes
Sir Wyndham Deedes
	Deedes in 1920
Birth name	Wyndham Henry Deedes
Born	10 March 1883; Kent, England
Died	2 September 1956 (aged 73); Kent, England
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Years of service	1901-1923
Rank	Brigadier-General
Battles/wars	Second Boer War ; World War I Battle of Gallipoli;
Awards	Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George ; Distinguished Service Order
Relations	William Deedes
Other work	Councillor ; Social worker

Brigadier-General Sir Wyndham Henry Deedes, CMG, DSO (10 March 1883 – 2 September 1956) was a British Army officer and civil administrator. He was the Chief Secretary to the British High Commissioner of the British Mandate of Palestine.

Early life

Deedes was born on 10 March 1883 in Kent, England.^[1] He was the youngest son of East Kent gentry, Colonel Herbert George Deedes and Rose Elinor Barrow,^[2] whose family had owned the land between Hythe and Ashford for four centuries.^[3]

He was educated at Eton College, an all-boys public boarding school in Eton, Berkshire.^[2]

Military career

On 4 February 1901, Deedes was commissioned into the 9th Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps as a second lieutenant.^[4] He was posted to South Africa where he fought in the Second Boer War.^[5] On 22 January 1906, Deedes was promoted to lieutenant and seconded to the Colonial Office.^[6] During this time he learned Turkish. By 1910 he had enough of a command of the language to satisfy a posting to Constantinople.^[3] On 8 May 1910, Deedes was seconded for service under the Foreign Office.^[7] While still a part of the British military he undertook the responsibility to reform the Ottoman Gendermarie force from 1910 till the start of the World War I, he was an influential figure in Ottoman Interior Ministry.^[8]

During the First World War, Deedes saw service in Gallipoli, where he took part in the Gallipoli Campaign.^[3] On 27 April 1915, the then Captain Deedes was appointed as a General Staff Officer (2nd Class).^[9] Deedes was promoted to Major on 14 September 1916.^[10] On 1 January 1916, he was appointed Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) "for distinguished service in the field".^[11] In October 1916, he was awarded the Order of the White Eagle, 4th Class (with Swords) by King Peter I of Serbia.^[12] On 21 March 1917, Deedes was promoted to temporary Lieutenant Colonel upon appointment as a General Staff Officer (1st Class) in the General Staff.^[13] On 3 June 1917, Deedes was awarded the rank of Brevet Colonel "for distinguished service in the field".^[14] During the war, he was honoured by the French Republic with the appointment to the Legion of Honour as a Chevalier.^[15]

Front row, left to right: Col. T. E. Lawrence, Emir Abdullah, Air Marshal Sir Geoffrey Salmond and Sir Wyndham Deedes in Palestine

After the war he was posted to Istanbul, Turkey, as a military attaché. He was posted to Cairo, Egypt, which was at that time a British protectorate, as public security director.^[16] Here he helped to set up the Palestine Police Force.^[17]

From 1920 to 1922, Deedes served as Chief Secretary to the then British High Commissioner Sir Herbert Samuel in Palestine.^[16] Palestine was then under British mandate following the League of Nations decision in 1920 to hand it over to British control from 1923 onwards. Although Deedes had pro-Zionist sympathies, he played a role in promoting the Supreme Muslim Council as an Arab counterweight to the Jewish Agency.^[16] He retired from the British Army on 27 June 1923, with the honorary rank of Brigadier General.^[18] There is a street named after him in the Emek Refaim neighborhood of Jerusalem, Israel.^[19]

Later life

Upon returning to England, Deedes did not take up his heritage as a country squire, but moved to London and chose to do unpaid social work in one of the poorest quarters of the city.^[3]

Between 1931 and the end of World War II in 1945, he shared a house in Bethnal Green with his nephew William Deedes.^[20] During this time he became a local councillor, served on the education committee and became chairman of the London Council of Social Service.^[3] He was also vice chairman of the National Council of Social Services.

When the London Turkish House (Halkevi) was set up during World War II to help foster Anglo-Turkish relations, Deedes was its chairman, with Lady Dorina Neave in charge of its social side.^[21] During the War, Deedes also became chief Air Raid Warden of his borough.^[3]

In 1946, severe illness forced him to retire from his work in the London East End. He returned to Hythe to live his years in a single room.^[3] In 1949, one year after the state of Israel was formed, he set up the Anglo-Israel Association.^[22]

He died on 2 September 1956.^[2]

Personal life

Deedes was a strict Christian.^[22] He never married nor had any children.^[2] His older brother, Herbert William Deedes (born 27 October 1881), married Melesina Gladys Chenevix Trench on 3 July 1912. They had three children, with one of whom, William Deedes, he shared a home from 1931 to 1939.^[3]

Translations

Deedes translated three major Turkish literary works into English: two novels by Reşat Nuri Güntekin and a memoir by Mahmut Makal:^[23]

Reşat Nuri Güntekin. The Autobiography of a Turkish Girl (Çalıkuşu, 1922). London: George Allen & Unwin, 1949.
Reşat Nuri Güntekin. Afternoon Sun (Akşam Güneşi, 1926). London: Heinemann, 1951.
Mahmut Makal. A Village in Anatolia (Bizim Köy, 1950). London: Vallentine, Mitchell & Co., 1954.

References

^ "DEEDES, Brig.-Gen. Sir Wyndham (Henry)". Who Was Who. A & C Black. December 2007. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Person Page - 34806". thepeerage.com. 9 April 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Wyndham Deedes". eastlondonhistory.com. 30 March 2008. Archived from the original on 9 February 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
^ "No. 27288". The London Gazette. 22 February 1901. p. 1355.
^ Chandler, Andrew (January 2011). "Deedes, Sir Wyndham Henry (1883–1956)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32768. Retrieved 3 November 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ "No. 27912". The London Gazette. 11 May 1906. p. 3248.
^ "No. 28384". The London Gazette. 14 June 1910. p. 4176.
^ David Fromkin, A peace to end all peace, Holt Books, 2009 p.38
^ "No. 29195". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 15 June 1915. p. 1.
^ "No. 29746". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 12 September 1916. p. 8978.
^ "No. 29565". The London Gazette (1st supplement). 2 May 1916. p. 4428.
^ "No. 29945". The London Gazette (6th supplement). 13 February 1917. p. 1605.
^ "No. 30051". The London Gazette (3rd supplement). 4 May 1917. p. 4311.
^ "No. 30111". The London Gazette (6th supplement). 1 June 1917. p. 5464.
^ "No. 31222". The London Gazette (5th supplement). 7 March 1919. pp. 3279–3280.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Mideast & N. Africa Encyclopedia: Wyndham Deedes". answers.com. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
^ "The Lyttelton Hart-Davis Letters". lhdletters.inwriting.org. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
^ "No. 32837". The London Gazette. 26 June 1923. p. 15.
^ "Google Maps". Retrieved 28 March 2014.
^ "BETHNAL GREEN, E2". exploringeastlondon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
^ "Romance of the Bosphorus". friendsofdagnampark.org.uk. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Anglo-Israel Association". angloisraelassociation.com. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
^ "Turkish Literature". The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation. Retrieved 13 February 2011.