1960 United States presidential election in North Carolina

1960 United States presidential election in North Carolina

← 1956 November 8, 1960[1] 1964 →

All 14 North Carolina votes to the Electoral College
 
Nominee John F. Kennedy Richard Nixon
Party Democratic Republican
Home state Massachusetts California
Running mate Lyndon B. Johnson Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
Electoral vote 14 0
Popular vote 713,136 655,420
Percentage 52.11% 47.89%


President before election

Dwight D. Eisenhower
Republican

Elected President

John F. Kennedy
Democratic

The 1960 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. North Carolina voters chose 14[2] representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

As a former Confederate state, North Carolina had a history of Jim Crow laws, disfranchisement of its African-American population and dominance of the Democratic Party in state politics. However, unlike the Deep South, the Republican Party always had sufficient historic Unionist white support from the mountains and northwestern Piedmont to gain minimally one-quarter and usually one-third of the statewide vote in general elections,[3] where turnout was higher than elsewhere in the former Confederacy due substantially to the state's early abolition of the poll tax in 1920.[4] Like Virginia, Tennessee and Oklahoma, the relative strength of Republican opposition meant that North Carolina never had statewide white primaries, although certain counties did use a white primary until it was banned by Smith v. Allwright.[5]

Following the banning of white primaries by the Supreme Court, North Carolina in 1948 offered less support to the Dixiecrat bolt than any other former Confederate state, due to the economic liberalism of its Black Belt and solid Democratic party discipline due to consistent Republican opposition.[6] Although there was little satisfaction with Harry S. Truman during his second term,[7] the loyalty of the white voters of the state’s Black Belt and the previously anti-Al Smith Outer Banks meant that unlike Texas, Florida and Virginia, urban middle-class Republican voting was inadequate to carry North Carolina for Dwight D. Eisenhower in either 1952[8] or 1956. Aiding this failure was that the growing urban black electorate, which had increased from under ten percent of voting-age blacks in 1940 to about a quarter in 1956,[9] was much more favourable to Adlai Stevenson II than in other former Confederate states.[a] In the 1958 midterm elections, Republicans in the state legislature were reduced to their lowest ever representation of five seats, although Charles R. Jonas did hold the Tenth District.

North Carolina would largely escape the overt “Massive Resistance” seen in neighbouring Virginia,[11] and four of its congressmen did not sign the Southern Manifesto.[12] Nonetheless, although the Greensboro school board voted 6–1 to desegregate within a day of Brown,[13] no serious desegregation would occur until well into the 1960s, while two non-signers would be challenged and defeated in 1956 primaries.[b] With the likely nomination of Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy to counter Eisenhower’s Catholic appeal in the Northeast,[14] speculation emerged that the anti-Catholicism that turned North Carolina Republican in 1928 would again become a powerful force,[15] and many Baptist pastors in the state did raise the religious issue.[16]

During 1960, the state would be affected by the Greensboro sit-ins. Dissatisfaction with the Democratic Party on civil rights, as well as support for him amongst certain anti-Catholic groups, meant that incumbent vice-president and Republican nominee Richard Nixon gained an enthusiastic reception when touring the state early in his fall campaign.[17] Polls in mid-October however favoured Kennedy,[18] and they continued to do so in the fourth week of the month.[19]

Results

1960 United States presidential election in North Carolina
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic John F. Kennedy 713,136 52.11%
Republican Richard Nixon 655,420 47.89%
Total votes 1,368,556 100%

Results by county

County[20] John F. Kennedy
Democratic
Richard Nixon
Republican
Margin Total
# % # % # %
Alamance 13,599 47.86% 14,818 52.14% -1,219 -4.28% 28,417
Alexander 3,956 48.65% 4,175 51.35% -219 -2.70% 8,131
Alleghany 2,121 51.74% 1,978 48.26% 143 3.48% 4,099
Anson 4,120 72.07% 1,597 27.93% 2,523 44.14% 5,717
Ashe 4,477 48.14% 4,823 51.86% -346 -3.72% 9,300
Avery 1,047 20.05% 4,176 79.95% -3,129 -59.90% 5,223
Beaufort 6,039 69.15% 2,694 30.85% 3,345 38.30% 8,733
Bertie 3,682 86.45% 577 13.55% 3,105 72.90% 4,259
Bladen 4,353 70.13% 1,854 29.87% 2,499 40.26% 6,207
Brunswick 4,305 59.63% 2,915 40.37% 1,390 19.26% 7,220
Buncombe 23,303 45.39% 28,040 54.61% -4,737 -9.22% 51,343
Burke 10,015 43.66% 12,925 56.34% -2,910 -12.68% 22,940
Cabarrus 8,680 35.64% 15,678 64.36% -6,998 -28.72% 24,358
Caldwell 8,722 43.02% 11,553 56.98% -2,831 -13.96% 20,275
Camden 1,014 75.00% 338 25.00% 676 50.00% 1,352
Carteret 5,264 53.95% 4,493 46.05% 771 7.90% 9,757
Caswell 2,832 69.01% 1,272 30.99% 1,560 38.02% 4,104
Catawba 13,491 41.35% 19,135 58.65% -5,644 -17.30% 32,626
Chatham 4,683 52.09% 4,308 47.91% 375 4.18% 8,991
Cherokee 3,197 42.68% 4,294 57.32% -1,097 -14.64% 7,491
Chowan 1,920 78.27% 533 21.73% 1,387 56.54% 2,453
Clay 1,264 43.27% 1,657 56.73% -393 -13.46% 2,921
Cleveland 10,545 56.08% 8,257 43.92% 2,288 12.16% 18,802
Columbus 10,455 74.10% 3,655 25.90% 6,800 48.20% 14,110
Craven 7,158 66.05% 3,680 33.95% 3,478 32.10% 10,838
Cumberland 11,601 58.97% 8,072 41.03% 3,529 17.94% 19,673
Currituck 1,651 78.06% 464 21.94% 1,187 56.12% 2,115
Dare 1,247 54.10% 1,058 45.90% 189 8.20% 2,305
Davidson 13,118 41.10% 18,797 58.90% -5,679 -17.80% 31,915
Davie 2,471 34.04% 4,788 65.96% -2,317 -31.92% 7,259
Duplin 7,269 71.11% 2,953 28.89% 4,316 42.22% 10,222
Durham 19,298 57.40% 14,322 42.60% 4,976 14.80% 33,620
Edgecombe 8,046 77.93% 2,279 22.07% 5,767 55.86% 10,325
Forsyth 24,035 41.87% 33,374 58.13% -9,339 -16.26% 57,409
Franklin 5,081 82.10% 1,108 17.90% 3,973 64.20% 6,189
Gaston 20,104 48.61% 21,250 51.39% -1,146 -2.78% 41,354
Gates 1,549 80.09% 385 19.91% 1,164 60.18% 1,934
Graham 1,335 43.68% 1,721 56.32% -386 -12.64% 3,056
Granville 4,945 73.34% 1,798 26.66% 3,147 46.68% 6,743
Greene 3,092 87.27% 451 12.73% 2,641 74.54% 3,543
Guilford 30,486 42.43% 41,357 57.57% -10,871 -15.14% 71,843
Halifax 8,872 79.11% 2,343 20.89% 6,529 58.22% 11,215
Harnett 7,892 59.82% 5,301 40.18% 2,591 19.64% 13,193
Haywood 8,044 48.38% 8,583 51.62% -539 -3.24% 16,627
Henderson 4,611 29.85% 10,835 70.15% -6,224 -40.30% 15,446
Hertford 3,105 79.90% 781 20.10% 2,324 59.80% 3,886
Hoke 2,106 77.94% 596 22.06% 1,510 55.88% 2,702
Hyde 1,147 70.45% 481 29.55% 666 40.90% 1,628
Iredell 8,973 42.61% 12,085 57.39% -3,112 -14.78% 21,058
Jackson 3,900 49.26% 4,017 50.74% -117 -1.48% 7,917
Johnston 9,914 59.82% 6,660 40.18% 3,254 19.64% 16,574
Jones 1,920 76.65% 585 23.35% 1,335 53.30% 2,505
Lee 4,673 64.58% 2,563 35.42% 2,110 29.16% 7,236
Lenoir 8,126 68.96% 3,658 31.04% 4,468 37.92% 11,784
Lincoln 6,728 49.68% 6,816 50.32% -88 -0.64% 13,544
Macon 3,098 45.34% 3,735 54.66% -637 -9.32% 6,833
Madison 4,546 50.69% 4,422 49.31% 124 1.38% 8,968
Martin 5,826 88.77% 737 11.23% 5,089 77.54% 6,563
McDowell 4,889 44.30% 6,148 55.70% -1,259 -11.40% 11,037
Mecklenburg 39,362 44.93% 48,250 55.07% -8,888 -10.14% 87,612
Mitchell 1,174 19.55% 4,831 80.45% -3,657 -60.90% 6,005
Montgomery 3,297 47.47% 3,649 52.53% -352 -5.06% 6,946
Moore 5,548 48.83% 5,815 51.17% -267 -2.34% 11,363
Nash 10,086 72.14% 3,896 27.86% 6,190 44.28% 13,982
New Hanover 13,182 57.42% 9,775 42.58% 3,407 14.84% 22,957
Northampton 4,756 87.52% 678 12.48% 4,078 75.04% 5,434
Onslow 5,564 66.43% 2,812 33.57% 2,752 32.86% 8,376
Orange 7,180 57.85% 5,231 42.15% 1,949 15.70% 12,411
Pamlico 1,697 61.53% 1,061 38.47% 636 23.06% 2,758
Pasquotank 4,530 71.26% 1,827 28.74% 2,703 42.52% 6,357
Pender 2,744 68.29% 1,274 31.71% 1,470 36.58% 4,018
Perquimans 1,460 69.62% 637 30.38% 823 39.24% 2,097
Person 4,305 69.09% 1,926 30.91% 2,379 38.18% 6,231
Pitt 12,526 78.37% 3,458 21.63% 9,068 56.74% 15,984
Polk 2,762 49.16% 2,856 50.84% -94 -1.68% 5,618
Randolph 9,789 38.30% 15,772 61.70% -5,983 -23.40% 25,561
Richmond 8,293 71.63% 3,285 28.37% 5,008 43.26% 11,578
Robeson 11,623 76.45% 3,580 23.55% 8,043 52.90% 15,203
Rockingham 11,207 54.24% 9,456 45.76% 1,751 8.48% 20,663
Rowan 12,919 42.16% 17,726 57.84% -4,807 -15.68% 30,645
Rutherford 8,554 48.75% 8,993 51.25% -439 -2.50% 17,547
Sampson 7,632 50.98% 7,338 49.02% 294 1.96% 14,970
Scotland 3,643 74.01% 1,279 25.99% 2,364 48.02% 4,922
Stanly 8,259 42.71% 11,080 57.29% -2,821 -14.58% 19,339
Stokes 4,487 47.94% 4,872 52.06% -385 -4.12% 9,359
Surry 8,185 44.92% 10,035 55.08% -1,850 -10.16% 18,220
Swain 2,171 50.69% 2,112 49.31% 59 1.38% 4,283
Transylvania 3,388 44.53% 4,221 55.47% -833 -10.94% 7,609
Tyrrell 926 72.63% 349 27.37% 577 45.26% 1,275
Union 7,393 64.72% 4,030 35.28% 3,363 29.44% 11,423
Vance 5,694 73.89% 2,012 26.11% 3,682 47.78% 7,706
Wake 26,050 58.56% 18,436 41.44% 7,614 17.12% 44,486
Warren 2,997 80.69% 717 19.31% 2,280 61.38% 3,714
Washington 2,415 70.16% 1,027 29.84% 1,388 40.32% 3,442
Watauga 3,440 40.66% 5,020 59.34% -1,580 -18.68% 8,460
Wayne 7,856 58.93% 5,474 41.07% 2,382 17.86% 13,330
Wilkes 7,986 38.02% 13,016 61.98% -5,030 -23.96% 21,002
Wilson 8,021 72.03% 3,114 27.97% 4,907 44.06% 11,135
Yadkin 2,785 27.70% 7,268 72.30% -4,483 -44.60% 10,053
Yancey 3,310 50.20% 3,284 49.80% 26 0.40% 6,594
Totals 713,136 52.11% 655,420 47.89% 57,716 4.22% 1,368,556

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

Analysis

North Carolina was won by Kennedy (DMassachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 52.11 percent of the popular vote against Nixon’s 47.89 percent.[21][22]

Despite suspected hostility the state towards Kennedy’s Catholicism, only in the traditionally Democratic parts of Appalachia and the previously extremely solid eastern part of the state did Kennedy decline upon Adlai Stevenson II’s 1956 performance,[20] whilst Kennedy even gained in the Outer Banks where 1928 anti-Catholicism had been strongest. At the same time, the collapse of a long-standing political machine during the 1950s meant that Madison County, previously one of the strongest Republican bastions in the state, voted Democratic for the first time since 1876,[23] whilst nearby Haywood County and Jackson County were the only counties to flip from Stevenson to Nixon.

Kennedy was helped crucially by the increasing black voter registration that was totalling almost a third of the voting-age black population at the time of the election: it is estimated he received about seven-eighths of black voters in the urban precincts where they were concentrated,[10] producing a substantial part of his sixty thousand vote statewide majority.

Notes

  1. ^ It is estimated that in 1956 Eisenhower gained under forty percent of black voters in major North Carolina cities, whereas he gained over seventy percent in Atlanta and Richmond and over half in Memphis.[10]
  2. ^ These were Charles B. Deane and Richard Thurmond Chatham.[12]

References

  1. ^ "United States Presidential election of 1960 — Encyclopædia Britannica". Retrieved June 8, 2017.
  2. ^ "1960 Election for the Forty-Fourth Term (1961-65)". Retrieved June 8, 2017.
  3. ^ Phillips, Kevin P. The Emerging Republican Majority. pp. 210, 242. ISBN 978-0-691-16324-6.
  4. ^ Key, Valdimer Orlando (1949). Southern Politics in State and Nation. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 502.
  5. ^ Klarman, Michael J. (2001). "The White Primary Rulings: A Case Study in the Consequences of Supreme Court Decision-Making". Florida State University Law Review. 29: 55–107.
  6. ^ Guthrie, Paul Daniel (August 1955). The Dixiecrat Movement of 1948 (Thesis). Bowling Green State University. p. 183. Docket 144207.
  7. ^ Grayson, A.G. (December 1975). "North Carolina and Harry Truman, 1944-1948". Journal of American Studies. 9 (3): 283–300.
  8. ^ Strong, Donald S. (August 1955). "The Presidential Election in the South, 1952". The Journal of Politics. 17 (3): 343–389.
  9. ^ Christensen, Rob (2008). The paradox of Tar Heel politics: the personalities, elections, and events that shaped modern North Carolina. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 264–265. ISBN 9780807831892.
  10. ^ a b Phillips. The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 299
  11. ^ Christensen. The paradox of Tar Heel politics, pp. 155-156
  12. ^ a b Badger, Tony (1999). "Southerners Who Refused To Sign the Southern Manifesto". The Historical Journal. 42 (2). Cambridge University Press: 528–532.
  13. ^ Telgen, Diane (2005). Brown v. Board of Education. Detroit, Michigan: Omnigraphics. p. 78. ISBN 9780780807754.
  14. ^ Phillips. The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 169-174
  15. ^ Phillips. The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 221
  16. ^ Menendez, Albert J. (2011). The religious factor in the 1960 Presidential election: an analysis of the Kennedy victory over anti-Catholic prejudice. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 32. ISBN 9780786460373.
  17. ^ White, Theodore Harold (1961). The making of the President, 1960. New York City: Atheneum Publishers. pp. 250, 268, 271.
  18. ^ Alsop, Joseph (October 16, 1960). "Dixie Democrats Feel Better and Thank You". The Nashville Tennessean. p. 5-B.
  19. ^ Poindexter, Jesse (October 22, 1960). "Senator Jackson Says Kennedy Has Won". Winston-Salem Journal. Winston-Salem, North Carolina. pp. 1, 3.
  20. ^ a b "NC US President Race, November 08, 1960". Our Campaigns.
  21. ^ "1960 Presidential General Election Results – North Carolina". Retrieved June 8, 2017.
  22. ^ "The American Presidency Project — Election of 1960". Retrieved June 8, 2017.
  23. ^ Menendez, Albert J. (2005). The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 88. ISBN 0786422173.

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