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Akai

Company type	Manufacturer
Industry	Electronics
Founded	as Akai Electric Company Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (1946; 78 years ago (1946))
Headquarters	Hong Kong
Products	Hi-fi equipment
Parent	Grande Holdings (1999–present) inMusic Brands (Akai Professional)
Website	akaipro.com akai.com

Akai (Japanese: 赤井, pronounced [a̠ka̠i]) is a Hong Kong manufacturer of consumer electronics. It was founded as Akai Electric Company Ltd in Tokyo, Japan, in 1946.

Following the controversial collapse of the original business in 2000,^[1] the Akai brand is now owned by Grande Holdings in Hong Kong which distributes various electronic products such as LED TV, washing machines, clothes dryers, air conditioners and smart phones, through collaborations with other electronics companies bearing relevant expertise.

The "Akai Professional" electronic instrument division was spun off in 1999^[2] and remains under separate ownership^[3] from that of the main "Akai" brand.

Akai was founded by Masukichi Akai and his son, Saburo Akai (who died in 1973^[4]) as Akai Electric Company Ltd. (赤井電機株式会社, Akai Denki Kabushiki Gaisha), a Japanese manufacturer in 1929^[4][5][6] or 1946.^{[note 1]}

The company's business eventually became discombobulated and it left the audio industry in 1991. At its peak in the late 1990s, Akai Holdings employed 100,000 workers and had annual sales of HK$40 billion (US$5.2 billion). The company filed for insolvency in November 2000, owing creditors US$1.1B.^[1] It emerged that ownership of Akai Holdings had somehow passed in 1999 to Grande Holdings, a company founded by Akai's chairman James Ting. The liquidators claimed that Ting had stolen over US$800m from the company with the assistance of accountants Ernst & Young who had tampered with audit documents going back to 1994.^[7] Ting was imprisoned for false accounting in 2005,^[7] and E&Y paid $200m to settle the negligence case out of court in September 2009.^[8] In a separate lawsuit, a former E&Y partner, Christopher Ho, made a "substantial payment" to Akai creditors in his role as chairman of Grande Holdings.^[1]

The "Akai Professional" division specialising in electronic instruments became a separate business in 1999.^[2] It was bought in 2005 by businessman Jack O'Donnell (later becoming a part of his inMusic Brands group)^[3] and is no longer associated with the main "Akai" brand.

Akai's products included reel-to-reel audiotape recorders (such as the GX series), tuners (top level AT, mid level TR and TT series), audio cassette decks (top level GX and TFL, mid level TC, HX and CS series), amplifiers (AM and TA series), microphones, receivers, turntables, video recorders and loudspeakers.

Many Akai products were sold under the name Roberts in the US,^{[citation needed]} as well as A&D in Japan (from 1987 after a partnership with Mitsubishi Electric), Tensai and Transonic Strato in Western Europe.^{[citation needed]} During the late 1960s, Akai adopted Tandberg's cross-field recording technologies (using an extra tape head) to enhance high frequency recording and switched to the increasingly reliable Glass and crystal (X'tal) (GX) ferrite heads a few years later.^{[citation needed]} The company's most popular products^{[citation needed]} were the GX-630D, GX-635D, GX-747/GX-747DBX and GX-77 open-reel recorders (latter featuring an auto-loading function), the three-head, closed-loop GX-F95, GX-90, GX-F91, GX-R99 cassette decks, and the AM-U61, AM-U7 and AM-93 stereo amplifiers.

Akai manufactured and badged most of its imported hi-fi products with the Tensai brand (named after the Swiss audio and electronics distributor Tensai International^{[citation needed]}). Tensai International was Akai's exclusive distributor for the Swiss and Western European markets until 1988.

Akai limited its consumer hi-fi product line in the United States and Europe towards the end of the 20th century.^{[citation needed]}

Akai produced consumer video cassette recorders (VCR) during the mid 1980s. The Akai VS-2 was the first VCR with an on-screen display,^[9] originally named the Interactive Monitor System. By displaying the information directly on the television screen, this innovation eliminated the need for the user to be physically near the VCR to program recording, read the tape counter, or perform other common features. Within a few years, all competing manufacturers had adopted on-screen display technology in their own products.

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In 1984,^[2] a new division of the company^[10] was formed to focus on the manufacture and sale of electronic instruments, and was called Akai Professional.

The first product released by the new subsidiary was the MG1212, a 12 channel, 12 track recorder.^[11] This innovative device used a special VHS-like cartridge (a MK-20), and was good for 10 minutes of continuous 12 track recording (19 cm per second) or 20 minutes at half speed (9.5 cm per second). One track (14) was permanently dedicated to recording absolute time, and another one for synchronization such as SMPTE or MTC. Each channel strip included dbx type-1 noise reduction and semi-parametric equalizers (with fixed bandwidths). The unit also had innovations like an electronic 2 bus system, a 12 stereo channel patch bay and auto punch in and out, among others. The unique transport design and noise reduction gave these units a recording quality rivaling that of more expensive 16 track machines using 1" tape. The MG-1212 was later replaced by the MG-1214, which improved the transport mechanism and overall performance.

Other early products included the Akai AX80 8-voice analog synthesizer in 1984,^[11] followed by AX60 and AX73 6-voice analog synthesizers ca.1986.^[12][13] The AX-60 borrowed many ideas from the Roland Juno series, but used voltage controlled analog oscillators (VCO) as a sound source as opposed to Roland's more common digitally controlled analog oscillators (DCO), and also allowed the performer to "split" the keyboard (using different timbres for different ranges of keys). The AX-60 also had the ability to interface with Akai's early samplers through a serial cable, using 12-bit samples as an additional oscillator.^[14]

The S612 12-bit digital sampler in 1985, was the first in a series of (relatively) affordable samplers already in 19-inch studio-rack format but in black color.^[11] It held only a single sample at a time, which was loaded into memory via a separate disk drive utilizing Quick Disk 2.8-inch floppy disks. The maximum sample time at the highest quality sampling rate (32 kHz) was one second.

The introduction of a "professional" range of digital samplers began with the 12-bit S900 in 1986,^[11] followed by the X7000 keyboard sampler in 1986,^[15] and the S700 rack-mount version in 1987.^[11] Unlike the single-sample S612, however, they allowed the use of six active samples at once, had a built-in disk drive and could be extended with six individual outputs via cable and a flash memory extension which added another six samples to the memory for multisample playback. The S700/X7000 sampler series were light-grey colored, which didn't change throughout the whole "professional" range of Akai samplers.

The 16-bit Akai S1000 series followed in 1988, adding the option to read CD-ROMs and write to hard disks via SCSI. This range was superseded by the S3000 series in 1993, with optional built-in CD-ROM drive, followed by the S5000 and S6000. Additional releases of note were the Z4 and Z8 24-bit 96 kHz samplers.^[11]

Sampler Models^[16]

• S612 - 1985
• X7000 - Keyboard Sampler - 1986
• S700 - 1987
• S900 - 1986
• X3700 - Keyboard Sampler - 1986
• S950 - 1988
• S1000 - 1988
• S1000KB - Keyboard Sampler - 1988
• S1000PB - Playback only device - 1988
• S1100 - 1992
• S01 - 1993
• S2000 - 1995
• S2800 - 1992
• S20 - Drum Machine-styled device - 1997
• S3000 - 1993
• S3000XL
• S3200 - 1996
• S3200XL - 1996
• S5000 - 1998
• S6000 - 1999
• Z4 - 2002
• Z8 - 2002

Akai also produced several Digital MIDI sequencers and digital synthesizers such as the MPC range, a line of integrated drum machines, MIDI sequencers, samplers and direct-to-disk recorders.

In December 1999, one year before the application of the Civil Rehabilitation Act [ja] to Akai Electric Company Ltd., the brand of its musical instrument division, Akai Professional was acquired by a company of the United States. The new company was dubbed "Akai Professional Musical Instrument Corporation".^[2] (AKAI professional M.I.) was established in the same year, however it was bankrupted in 2005.^[10]

In 2004, following a US distribution deal, the Akai Professional Musical Instrument division was acquired by Jack O'Donnell, owner of Numark Industries and Alesis. In 2012, inMusic Brands was formed as a parent company for O'Donnell's companies, including Akai Professional.

In early 2003, Grande Holdings began undergoing a re-exposure of Akai's brands by marketing various audio visual products manufactured by Samsung. In the same year, Grande began to distribute Akai home appliances such as air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, and refrigerators. In the 2010s, it began to distribute Akai smart phones in collaboration with some Chinese smart phone manufacturers such as Gionee, in India and other countries.

• AV receivers
• Portable DVD players
• DVD players
• DVD recorders
• Home theatre systems
• Home theatre Speakers
• VCD players
• VCRs

• Amplifiers
• Cassette receivers
• CD changers
• CD receivers
• DVD changers
• DVD receivers
• Car Audio – DVD players
• Car Audio – Speakers
• Car Audio – TFT monitors

• Air conditioners
• Air coolers
• Air purifiers
• Chest freezers
• Dishwashers
• Heaters
• Ice makers
• Microwave ovens
• Refrigerators
• Showcases
• Vacuum cleaners
• Washing machines
• Water dispensers
• Wine cellars

• Stereo rack systems
• Mini systems
• Micro music ^[17]
• Retro radios
• Sound boxes
• Portable music players
• Tape Decks
• Portable DAT Recorder/Player (Blue colored body, Webshop DirectOrder only, OEM from JVC/Victor)
• Portable MD Recorder/Player (Blue color Body, Webshop DirectOrder only, OEM from JVC/Victor)

• Wireless Surround Sound Systems
• Bluetooth
• MP3 player
• Mobile phones
• Smart phones

• Color televisions
• LCD televisions
• Plasma television
• Set-top boxes

• AX60 (c.1986) – discontinued
• AX73 (c.1986) – discontinued
• AX80 (1984) – discontinued
• VX90 (c.1986) – rack-mount version of AX73, discontinued
• VX600 (c.1988) – 3-octave keyboard synthesizer with EWI connection jack, discontinued
• Akai SG01v (c.1996) – desktop sound module,^[18] discontinued
• MINIAK^[19] – discontinued
• S612^[20] (1985) – discontinued
• S900^[21] (1986) – discontinued
• X3700 (c.1986) – discontinued
• X7000^[22] (c.1986) – discontinued
• S700^[23] (1987) – discontinued
• S950^[24] – discontinued
• S1000 (1988)^[25] – discontinued
• S1100^[26] (1990) – discontinued
• S01^[27] (1992) – discontinued
• S2800^[28] (1992) – discontinued
• S3000^[28] (1992) – discontinued
• S3200 (1992) – discontinued
• CD3000^[29] (1993) – discontinued
• REMIX16 (1995) – table-top phrase sampler, discontinued
• S2000 (1995)^[30] – discontinued
• S3000XL (1995) – discontinued
• S3200XL – discontinued
• S20 (c.1997)^[31] – discontinued
• CD3000XL (c.1997)^[32] – discontinued
• S5000 (c.1999)^[33] – discontinued
• S6000 (c.1999)^[33] – discontinued
• Z4^[34] (2002) – discontinued
• Z8^[34] (2002) – discontinued
• MPX8
• MPX16^[35]
• MPC Key 61

• MPC60 (1987) – MIDI Production Centre,^[36] discontinued
• MPC60II – (1991) – discontinued
• MPC3000 (1993) – discontinued
• MPC3000LE (1999) – discontinued
• MPC2000^[37] (1997) – discontinued
• MPC2000XL (2000) – discontinued
• MPC4000 (2002)^[38] – discontinued
• MPC1000 (2003) – discontinued
• MPC500^[39] (2006) – discontinued
• MPC2500^[40] (2005) – discontinued
• MPC5000^[41][42] (2008) – discontinued
• MPC Renaissance^[43] (2012) – discontinued
• MPC Studio^[44] (2012) – Discontinued
• MPC Element (2013) – Discontinued
• MPC Touch^[45] (2015)
• MPC Studio Black (2016)
• MPC Live^[46] (2017)
• MPC X^[47] (2017)
• MPC Force (2019)
• MPC One (2020)
• MPC Live ll (2020)
• MPC Studio II (2021)
• MPC Key 61 (2022)
• MPC One+ (2023)

• EIE (2011)
• EIE PRO^[48] (2011)

• MR16 (c.1985)
• XE-8 1U rack mounted,^[49][50] Acoustic drum sound from S-1000 library, discontinued
• XR10,^[51] discontinued Table Top Playback Sampler incl XE-8 Sound with Dance Sample Sounds 16-bit, discontinued
• XR20^[52] (2008) Made by Alesis
• Rhythm Wolf (c.2015) Tabletop analogue drum machine with bass synth^[53]
• Tom Cat

• EVI1000 (1987) – Electronic Valve Instruments, discontinued
• EWI1000^[54] (1987) – Electronic Wind Instrument, discontinued
• EWV2000^[54] – Electronic Wind Instrument sound module, discontinued
• EWI4000S (2005)
• EWI-USB (2008)
• EWI5000 (2014)
• EWI SOLO (2020)

• EX90R – Reverb,^[55] discontinued
• ME10D – MIDI digital delay,^[56] discontinued
• ME15F – MIDI dynamic controller,^[56] discontinued
• ME20A – MIDI sequencer arpeggiator,^[56] discontinued
• ME25S – MIDI note separator,^[57] discontinued
• ME30P – MIDI 4×8 patchbay,^[57][58] discontinued
• ME35T – Audio/MIDI trigger, discontinued
• ME80P – MIDI 8×10 patchbay, discontinued
• MB76 – Programmable mix bay,^[59] discontinued
• PEQ6 – Programmable equaliser,^[59] discontinued
• DP88 (1993) – digital audio patchbay, discontinued
• AR900 (1986–89) – 16-bit MIDI Digital Reverb, discontinued
• MFC42 (2001) – filter bank, discontinued
• HV10 Harmony generator (2002)
• VST Plug-ins (2002)

• Analog Delay
• Blues Overdrive
• Chorus
• Compressor
• Deep Impact Synth
• Deluxe Distortion
• Drive3 Distortion
• Drive3 Fuzz
• Drive3 Overdrive
• E2 Head Rush
• Flanger
• Phase Shifter

• SynthStation25
• SynthStation49
• AkaiMPC Fly (2012)

• MS08 (c.1985) – discontinued
• ASQ10^[60] (c.1986/7) – discontinued

• MG614 (c.1983?) – discontinued
• MG1212 (1984) – discontinued
• MG1214 (c.1985) – discontinued
• DR1200/DL1200 (1988) – discontinued
• DD1000 (1990) – discontinued
• DD/DL1500 (1994) – 16-track DAW, discontinued
• DD8 (1996) – discontinued
• DD8plus (1998) – discontinued
• DR4D (1993) – discontinued
• DR8 (1994) – discontinued
• DR16 (1995) – discontinued
• DPS12^[61] (1997) – discontinued
• DPS16 (1999) – discontinued
• DPS24 (2002)^[62] – discontinued
• DPS24MKII – discontinued
• RE32 (1999) – controller for DD/DR series, discontinued

• RPM3
• RPM8 – discontinued
• 50x

• APC20^[63]
• APC40^[64]
• APC40 MkII^[65]
• EWI-USB
• LPD8 (2009)^[66]
• LPK25 (2009)^[66]
• MPD16 (2002) – discontinued
• MPD18 – discontinued
• MPD24^[67] (2006) – discontinued
• MPD26 (2010)
• MPD32 (2008)
• MPK25^[68] (2009)
• MPK49^[69] (2007)
• MPK49 V2 (2007)
• MPK61 (2009)
• MPK88 (2009)
• MPK Mini^[70]
• MPK Mini Play (comes packed with 128 sounds and its own built-in speaker)^[71]
• MPK Mini MK II (2014)
• MPK Mini MK III (2020)
• MPK225 (2014)
• MPK249 (2014)
• MPK261 (2014)
• MAX25 (2014)
• MAX49^[72] (2014)
• MX73 MIDI Master Keyboard^[73] – discontinued
• MX76 MIDI Master Keyboard^[74] (1987) – discontinued

• 1/4-inch Akai VTRs
• Akai VK (videocassette format) VTRs
• List of phonograph manufacturers

• "Akai S20 sampler". Future Music. No. 56. Future Publishing. May 1997. p. 20. ISSN 0967-0378. OCLC 1032779031.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Akai.

• Archive index at the Wayback Machine
• Vintage Cassette Decks Collection of Akai Vintage Cassette decks and other brands.