Pentium is a discontinued series of x86 architecture-compatible microprocessors produced by Intel. The original Pentium was first released on March 22, 1993. The name "Pentium" is originally derived from the Greek word pente (πεντε), meaning "five", a reference to the prior numeric naming convention of Intel's 80x86 processors (8086–80486), with the Latin ending -ium since the processor would otherwise have been named 80586 using that convention.
Pentium was Intel's flagship processor line for over a decade until the introduction of the Intel Core line in 2006. Pentium-branded processors released from 2009 to 2023 were considered entry-level products that Intel rated as "two stars",[2][3] meaning that they were above the low-end Atom and Celeron series, but below the faster Intel Core lineup and workstation/server Xeon series. These later Pentium processors have little more than their name in common with earlier Pentiums.
The later Pentiums were based on both the architecture used in Atom and that of Core processors. In the case of Atom architectures, Pentiums were the highest performance implementations of the architecture. Pentium processors with Core architectures prior to 2017 were distinguished from the faster, higher-end i-series processors by lower clock rates and disabling some features, such as hyper-threading, virtualization and sometimes L3 cache.
In 2017, the Pentium brand was split up into two separate lines using the Pentium name:
Pentium Silver, aiming for low-power devices using the Atom & Celeron architectures.
Pentium Gold, aiming for entry-level desktop and using existing architectures such as Kaby Lake or Coffee Lake.
In September 2022, Intel announced that the Pentium and Celeron brands were to be replaced with the new "Intel Processor" branding for low-end processors in laptops from 2023 onwards.[1] This also applied to desktops using Pentium processors, and they were discontinued around the same time laptops stopped using Pentium processors in favor of "Intel Processor" processors in 2023.
During development, Intel generally identifies processors with codenames, such as Prescott, Willamette, Coppermine, Katmai, Klamath, or Deschutes. These usually become widely known,[4] even after the processors are given official names on launch.
The original Pentium-branded CPUs were expected to be named 586 or i586, to follow the naming convention of prior generations (286, i386, i486). However, as the firm wanted to prevent their competitors from branding their processors with similar names (as AMD had done with their Am486), Intel filed a trademark application on the name in the United States, but was denied because a series of numbers was considered to lack trademark distinctiveness.[5]
Following Intel's prior series of 8086, 80186, 80286, 80386, and 80486 microprocessors, the firm's first P5-based processor was released as the original Intel Pentium on March 22, 1993. Marketing firm Lexicon Branding was hired to coin a name for the new processor. The suffix -ium was chosen as it could connote a fundamental ingredient of a computer, like a chemical element,[6] while the prefix pent- could refer to the fifth generation of x86.[5]
Due to its success, the Pentium brand would continue through several generations of high-end processors. In 2006, the name briefly disappeared from Intel's technology roadmaps,[7][8] only to re-emerge in 2007.[9]
In 1998, Intel introduced the Celeron[10] brand for low-priced processors. With the 2006 introduction of the Intel Core brand as the company's new flagship line of processors, the Pentium series was to be discontinued. However, due to a demand for mid-range dual-core processors, the Pentium brand was repurposed to be Intel's mid-range processor series, between the Celeron and Core series, continuing with the Pentium Dual-Core line.[11][12][13]
In 2009, the "Dual-Core" suffix was dropped, and new x86 processors started carrying the plain Pentium name again.
In 2014, Intel released the Pentium 20th Anniversary Edition, to mark the 20th anniversary of the Pentium brand. These processors are unlocked and highly overclockable.
In 2017, Intel split the Pentium branding into two line-ups. Pentium Silver targets low-power devices and shares architecture with Atom and Celeron, while Pentium Gold targets entry-level desktops and uses existing architecture, such as Kaby Lake and Coffee Lake.
In September 2022, Intel announced that the Pentium and Celeron brands were to be replaced with the new "Intel Processor" branding for low-end processors in laptops from 2023 onwards.[1] This also applied to desktops using Pentium and Celeron processors, and both brands were discontinued as planned in 2023 in favor of "Intel Processor" branded processors.
A 100 MHz Pentium (ICOMP=815) processor manufactured in 1996
In parallel with the P5 microarchitecture, Intel developed the P6 microarchitecture and started marketing it as the Pentium Pro for the high-end market in 1995. It introduced out-of-order execution and an integrated second-level cache on dual-chip processor package.
The second P6 generation replaced the original P5 with the Pentium II and rebranded the high-end version as Pentium II Xeon. It was followed by a third version named the Pentium III and Pentium III Xeon respectively. The Pentium II line added the MMX instructions that were also present in the Pentium MMX.
Versions of these processors for the laptop market were initially named Mobile Pentium II and Mobile Pentium III, later versions were named Pentium III-M. Starting with the Pentium II, the Celeron brand was used for low-end versions of most Pentium processors with a reduced feature set such as a smaller cache or missing power management features.
In 2000, Intel introduced a new microarchitecture named NetBurst, with a much longer pipeline enabling higher clock frequencies than the P6-based processors. Initially, these were named Pentium 4, and the high-end versions have since been named simply Xeon. As with Pentium III, there are both Mobile Pentium 4 and Pentium 4 M processors for the laptop market, with Pentium 4 M denoting the more power-efficient versions. Enthusiast versions of the Pentium 4 with the highest clock rates were named Pentium 4 Extreme Edition.
In 2003, Intel introduced a new processor based on the P6 microarchitecture named Pentium M, which was much more power-efficient than the Mobile Pentium 4, Pentium 4 M, and Pentium III M. Dual-core versions of the Pentium M were developed under the code name Yonah and sold under the marketing names Core Duo and Pentium Dual-Core. Unlike Pentium D, it integrated both cores on one chip. From this point, the Intel Core brand name was used for the mainstream Intel processors, and the Pentium brand became a low-end version between Celeron and Core. All Pentium M based designs including Yonah are for the mobile market.
The Pentium Dual-Core name continued to be used when the Yonah design was extended with 64-bit support, now named the Core microarchitecture. This eventually replaced all NetBurst-based processors across the four brands Celeron, Pentium, Core, and Xeon. Pentium Dual-Core processors based on the Core microarchitecture use the Allendale and Wolfdale-3M designs for desktop processors and Merom-2M for mobile processors.
In 2009, Intel changed the naming system for Pentium processors, renaming the Wolfdale-3M based processors to Pentium, without the Dual-Core name, and introduced new single- and dual-core processors based on Penryn under the Pentium name.
The Penryn core is the successor to the Merom core and Intel's 45 nm version of their mobile series of Pentium processors. The FSB frequency is increased from 667 MHz to 800 MHz, and the voltage is lowered. Intel released the first Penryn Core, the Pentium T4200, in December 2008. In June 2009, Intel released the first single-core processor to use the Pentium name, a Consumer Ultra-Low Voltage (CULV) Penryn core named Pentium SU2700.
In September 2009, Intel introduced the Pentium SU4000 series together with the Celeron SU2000 and Core 2 Duo SU7000 series, which are dual-core CULV processors based on Penryn-3M and using 800 MHz FSB. The Pentium SU4000 series has 2 MB L2 cache but is otherwise basically identical to the other two lines.
The Nehalem microarchitecture was introduced in late 2008 as a successor to the Core microarchitecture, and in early 2010, a new Pentium G6950 processor based on the Clarkdale design was introduced based on the Westmere refresh of Nehalem, which were followed by the mobile P6xxx based on Arrandale a few months later.
On January 7, 2010, Intel launched a new Pentium model using the Clarkdale chip in parallel with other desktop and mobile CPUs based on their new Westmere microarchitecture. The first model in this series is the Pentium G6950. The Clarkdale chip is also used in the Core i3-5xx and Core i5-6xx series and features a 32 nm process (as it is based on the Westmere microarchitecture), integrated memory controller and 45 nm graphics controller and a third-level cache. In the Pentium series, some features of Clarkdale are disabled, including AES-NI, hyper-threading (versus Core i3), and the graphics controller in the Pentium runs at 533 MHz, while in the Core i3 i3-5xx series they run at 733 MHz, and Dual Video Decode that enables Blu-ray picture-in picture hardware acceleration, and support for Deep Color and xvYCC.[citation needed] The memory controller in the Pentium supports DDR3-1066 max, the same as the Core i3 i3-5xx series.[15] The L3 cache is also 1 MB less than in the Core i3-5xx series.
Sandy Bridge microarchitecture based
The Sandy Bridge microarchitecture was released in the Pentium line on May 22, 2011.
aAll models share the following details: 2 cores, 2 logical processors (4 on Pentium 3xx with hyper-threading), CPUID signature 206A7, family 6 (06h), model 42 (02Ah), stepping 7 (07h)
bTranslation lookaside buffer (TLB) and cache 64-byte prefetching; data TLB0 2-MB or 4-MB pages, 4-way associative, 32 entries; data TLB 4-KB pages, 4-way set associative, 64 entries; instruction TLB 4-KB pages, 4-way set associative, 128 entries, L2 TLB 1-MB, 4-way set associative, 64-byte line size; shared 2nd-level TLB 4 KB pages, 4-way set associative, 512 entries.
eHD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) contain 6 EUs and HD Graphics 2000, but does not support these technologies: Intel Quick Sync Video, InTru 3D, Clear Video HD, Wireless Display, 3D Video, or 3D graphics acceleration.
Several Haswell-based Pentium processors were released in 2013, among them the G3258 "Anniversary Edition", first released in 2014 by Intel to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the line. As with prior-generation Pentium processors, Haswell and Haswell Refresh-based parts have two cores only, lack support for hyper-threading, and use the LGA1150 socket form factor.
Broadwell microarchitecture based
Broadwell-based Pentiums[specify] were launched in Q1 2015 using a 14 nm process (e.g. the dual-core 1.9 GHz Intel Pentium 3805U with 2 MB cache). They used the FCBGA1168 socket.
Integrated graphics are provided by Intel HD Graphics 510, utilizing a maximum of 1.7 GB of memory, for resolutions up to 4096×2304 @ 60 Hz using Display Port supporting up to 3 displays.[22]
Kaby Lake microarchitecture based
In Q1 2017 Intel released the Kaby Lake-based Pentium G4560; it is the first Pentium-branded CPU since the NetBurst-based Pentium 4 to support hyper-threading, a feature available in some "Core"-branded products. Features include a clock speed of 3.5 GHz with four threads, 3 MB of L3 cache and Intel HD 610 integrated graphics.
Due to its prominence, the term "Pentium-compatible" is often used to describe any x86 processor that supports the IA-32 instruction set and architecture. Even though they do not use the Pentium name, Intel also manufactures other processors based on the Pentium series for other markets. Most of these processors share the core design with one of the Pentium processor lines, usually differing in the amount of CPU cache, power efficiency or other features. The notable exception is the Atom line, which is an independent design.
Richard Jaquelin MarshallLahir(1895-06-16)16 Juni 1895Markham, VirginiaMeninggal3 Agustus 1973(1973-08-03) (umur 78)Fort Lauderdale, FloridaDikebumikanArlington National CemeteryPengabdianAmerika SerikatDinas/cabangAngkatan Darat Amerika SerikatLama dinas1915–1946Pangkat Mayor JenderalPerang/pertempuranEkspedisi Pancho VillaPerang Dunia IPerang Dunia IIPenghargaanDistinguished Service CrossDistinguished Service Medal (3)Silver StarLegion of MeritDistinguished Service Star (Filipina) …
Santo Anno dari KölnUskup Agung Anno mengangkat Erpho, abbas pertama Keabbasan Michaelsberg, manuskrip abad ke-12Uskup AgungLahirc. 1010Altsteußlingen, SwabiaMeninggal4 Desember 1075SiegburgDihormati diGereja KatolikKanonisasi29 April 1183 oleh Paus Lucius IIITempat ziarahKeabbasan Michaelsberg, SiegburgPesta4 Desember Anno II (c. 1010 – 4 Desember 1075) adalah Uskup Agung Köln dari 1056 sampai kematiannya. Dari 1063 sampai 1065, ia bertugas sebagai wali raja Kekaisaran Romawi S…
4th Indian Infantry DivisionLo stemma della divisione Descrizione generaleAttiva1939 - 1947 Nazione India Britannica ServizioBritish Indian Army TipoDivisione di fanteria Battaglie/guerreSeconda guerra mondiale: Campagna dell'Africa Orientale Italiana Campagna del Nordafrica Campagna d'Italia fonti citate nel corpo del testo Voci su unità militari presenti su Wikipedia La 4th Indian Infantry Division fu una divisione di fanteria del British Indian Army, attiva durante la seconda guerra mon…
Bandar SaktiKelurahanNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSumatera UtaraKotaTebing TinggiKecamatanBajenisKodepos20613Kode Kemendagri12.76.04.1005 Kode BPS1274021004 Luas... km²Jumlah penduduk... jiwaKepadatan... jiwa/km² Bandar Sakti adalah sebuah kelurahan di Kecamatan Bajenis, Kota Tebing Tinggi, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Referensi Gereja GKPS Bandar Sakti lbsKecamatan Bajenis, Kota Tebing Tinggi, Sumatera UtaraKelurahan Bandar Sakti Berohol Bulian Durian Pinang Mancung Pelita Teluk Karang…
American professional wrestler The SandmanSandman in 2017Birth nameJames FullingtonBorn (1963-06-16) June 16, 1963 (age 60)Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.[1]Spouse(s)Lori Fullington (divorced)Children4; including Tyler FullingtonProfessional wrestling careerRing name(s)Mr. SandmanThe Sandman[1]Hardcore Hak[1]HakBilled height6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)[2]Billed weight240 lb (110 kg)[2]Billed fromPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaTrained byLarr…
16 region di Ghana yang wilayahnya ditandai masing-masing dengan warna yang berbeda. Region di Ghana adalah wilayah administratif tingkat satu di Ghana. Sejak tahun 2019, Ghana memiliki enam belas region.[1] Sebelum referendum yang dilaksanakan pada 27 Desember 2018, Ghana memiliki sepuluh region. Berdasarkan pada hasil referendum yang dirangkum oleh Komisi Elektoral Ghana pada tanggal 28 Desember 2018 tersebut memutuskan mengenai pembentukan enam region yang baru yakni Region Barat Utar…
Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Singa dan Tikus (disambiguasi). Cukil kayu dari dua adegan dari fabel tersebut dalam Ysopu hystoriado, Sevilla 1521 Singa dan Tikus adalah salah satu Fabel Aesop, bernomor 150 dalam Perry Index. Terdapat juga varian-varian Timur dari cerita tersebut, semuanya mendemonstrasikan ketergantungan saling menguntungkan tanpa memandang ukuran atau status. Pada zaman Renaisans, fabel tersebut dimajukan untuk menentang ambisi sosial. Referensi Pranala luar Karya yang berkaitan d…
Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Blue Diamond. Blue Diamonds tahun 1962 Blue Diamonds (c. 1960–1969) Blue Diamonds adalah duo Doo Wop Belanda dan Indonesia tahun 1960-an yang dikenal karena singel terlarisnya, Ramona. Kakak adik Indo (Belanda-Indonesia) ini, Ruud de Wolff (12 Mei 1941 – 18 Desember 2000) dan Riem de Wolff (15 April 1943 – 12 September 2017), mendirikan grup musik ini sesaat setelah pindah ke Belanda pada tahun 1949. Mereka lahir di Batavia (sekarang Jakarta), Indonesia. Dijuluki…
Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia di HelsinkiKoordinat60°11′15″N 24°52′05″E / 60.187384°N 24.867991°E / 60.187384; 24.867991Lokasi Helsinki, FinlandiaAlamatKuusisaarentie 300340 Helsinki, FinlandiaDuta BesarRatu Silvy GayatriYurisdiksi Finlandia EstoniaSitus webkemlu.go.id/helsinki/id Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia di Helsinki (KBRI Helsinki) adalah misi diplomatik Republik Indonesia untuk Republik Finlandia dan merangkap sebagai perwakilan Indone…
العلاقات الإسواتينية الغانية إسواتيني غانا إسواتيني غانا تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الإسواتينية الغانية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين إسواتيني وغانا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة إ…
1967 song by the Jimi Hendrix Experience FireGerman single picture sleeveSong by the Jimi Hendrix Experiencefrom the album Are You Experienced Released May 12, 1970 (1970-05-12) (UK) August 23, 1971 (US) RecordedJanuary 11 & February 8, 1967StudioDe Lane Lea & Olympic, LondonGenre Psychedelic rock[1] funk[2] soul[1] hard rock[3] Length2:30[4]Label Track (UK) Reprise (US) Songwriter(s)Jimi HendrixProducer(s)Chas Chandler Fire is a son…
1974 World Men's Handball ChampionshipTournament detailsHost country East GermanyDates28 February-10 March 1974Teams16Final positionsChampions RomaniaRunner-up East GermanyThird place YugoslaviaTournament statisticsMatches played42Goals scored1,556 (37.05 per match)← PreviousNext → The 1974 World Men's Handball Championship was the eighth team handball World Championship. It was held in East Germany between 28 February-10 March 1974. R…
Forces navales Pays Bénin Branche Marine Effectif 2 500 Fait partie de Forces armées béninoises Garnison Base navale de Cotonou Commandant Capitaine de vaisseau Albert BADOU modifier Séance de formation. Les Forces Navales Béninoises sont la composante navale des forces armées béninoises. Elles ont pour mission d'assurer la sécurité et la sûreté maritimes dans son espace maritime le long des 125 km de côtes. Plus de 2000 marins (hommes et femmes) servent de soutien aux éq…
John Gill John Gill (23 November 1697 – 14 Oktober 1771) adalah seorang pastor Gereja Baptis, sarjana Alkitab, dan teolog asal Inggris yang memegang teguh pandangan soteriologi Calvin. Ia dilahirkan di Kettering, Northamptonshire, dan bersekolah di Kettering Grammar School di mana ia menguasai bahasa Latin klasika dan mempelajari bahasa Yunani sebelum berusia 11 tahun. Ia terus belajar sendiri segala bidang dari logika sampai bahasa Ibrani, yang diminatinya sepanjang hidupnya. M…
Major watercourse in northwestern North America Yukon RiverCanoeing the Yukon RiverLocation of the Yukon River and watershedNative nameŲųg Han (Gwichʼin)Yuk Han (Gwichʼin)Kuigpak (Central Yupik)Kuukpak (Inupiaq)Yeqin (Degexit'an)Tth'echù' (Hän)Chuu k'onn (Hän)Chu Nìikwän (Southern Tutchone)LocationCountriesUnited StatesCanadaStateAlaskaProvince/TerritoryBritish ColumbiaYukonPhysical characteristicsSourceLlewellyn Glacier at Atlin Lake …
QRpediaA QRpedia code which decodes as the URL http://en.qrwp.org/QRpedia, used widely as the logo.The QRpedia website, showing a QR code, which decodes as the URL http://en.qrwp.org/QRpediaURLqrpedia.orgTipelayanan daring Bersifat komersial?NoPendaftaranNoneBahasaMultilingualLisensiMIT LicensePemilikWikimedia UK PembuatTerence Eden Roger BamkinBerdiri sejak9 April 2011; 13 tahun lalu (2011-04-09)StatusOnline Contoh QRpedia atau kode QR, yang mengkodekan URL http://en.qrwp.org/QRpedia QRped…
Bogue-class escort carrier of the US Navy USS Card (CVE-11), in 1943 History United States OwnerWar Shipping Administration (WSA) OperatorIsthmian Steamship Company Orderedas type (C3-S-A1 hull), MC hull 178 [1] Awarded30 October 1940 BuilderSeattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation, Tacoma, Washington Cost$3,286,653 Yard number10 Way number2 Laid down27 October 1941 Launched21 February 1942 Sponsored byMrs. J. Perry FateSold for scrapping on 14 May 1971 United States NameCard NamesakeCard…
Northern Irish footballer and manager Nigel Worthington Worthington as manager of York City in 2013Personal informationFull name Nigel Worthington[1]Date of birth (1961-11-04) 4 November 1961 (age 62)[1]Place of birth Ballymena, Northern IrelandHeight 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m)[1]Position(s) Defender / MidfielderSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1979–1981 Ballymena United 1981–1984 Notts County 67 (4)1984–1994 Sheffield Wednesday 338 (12)1994–1996 Le…