Suleyman Shah

Names
	Suleyman Shah bin Kaya Alp

Suleyman Shah
سلیمان شاه
Suleyman Shah; سلیمان شاه
Bey of the Kayı tribe (pre-Ottoman Empire)
Reign	1214–1227
Predecessor	Kaya Alp
Successor	Ertuğrul
Born	May 1166 Khorazm
Died	January 1227 (aged 60); Euphrates (near Aleppo)
Burial	Tomb of Suleyman Shah
Spouse	Hayme Hatun
Issue	Ertuğrul Ghazi; Gündoğdu Bey; Sungurtekin Bey; Dündar Bey
Names
Names
	Suleyman Shah bin Kaya Alp
Father	Kaya Alp
Religion	Sunni Islam

This article contains Ottoman Turkish text, written from right to left with some Arabic letters and additional symbols joined. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined letters or other symbols.

Suleyman Shah (Ottoman Turkish: سلیمان شاه; Modern Turkish: Süleyman Şah) was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kaya Alp and the father of Ertuğrul, who was the father of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire.^[1] Early Ottoman genealogies disputed this lineage, and either Suleyman Shah or Gündüz Alp could be Osman's grandfather and the father of Ertuğrul. An Ottoman tomb initially in or near Qal'at Ja'bar has historically been associated with Suleyman Shah.^[2] He succeeded his father as bey in 1214 when he decided to lead the 50,000 strong tribe West in the face of Mongol invasion. After migrating to the North Caucasus, thousands of Kayis settled in Erzincan and Ahlat in 1214, while some of the other Kayi groups dispersed in Diyarbakir, Mardin, and Urfa.^{[citation needed]}

Family tree of Süleymanşâh

Various sources linked Süleymanşâh to Osman Gazi and his father Ertuğrul:

Family tree in Şükrullah's Behcetü't Tevârîh^[3]

Oğuz

Gökalp

Kızıl Boga

Kaya Alp

Süleymanşâh

Ertuğrul

Osman Gazi

Family tree according to Oruç Bey's Oruç Bey Tarihi^[4]

Oğuz

Gunhan

Kayı Han

35 generations

Gökalp

Basak

Temür

Sugançaf

Bakı Ağa

Baysunkur

Kayıtnun

Tugar

Akulug Ağa

Iğla

Baytur

Kızıl Buga

Kaya Alp

Süleymanşâh

Ertuğrul

Osman Gazi

Family tree in Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî's Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn^[5]

Süleymanşâh

Family tree in Âşıkpaşazâde's History of Âşıkpaşazâde^[6]

Oğuz

Kayık Alp

Gökalp

Basuk

Family tree in Neşrî's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ^[7]

Süleymanşâh

In chapter fourteenth of The History of Âşıkpaşazâde of Âşıkpaşazâde, Osman I asserted that he had descended from Gökalp and Suleiman ibn Qutulmish the founder of Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate instead of "Süleymanşâh ibn Kaya Alp".^[8] Erhan Afyoncu claims that the identity of Süleyman Şah in the Tomb of Suleyman Shah is unidentified. He also defends that the father of Ertuğrul according to the recent investigations is Gündüz Alp.^[9]

Operation Shah Euphrates

In early 2015, during the Syrian Civil War, on the night of 21–22 February 2015, a Turkish military convoy including tanks and other armored vehicles numbering about 100 entered Syria to evacuate the tomb's 40 guards and to relocate the tomb of Suleyman Shah.

The tomb is now temporarily located in Turkey-controlled territory 200 meters inside Syria, 22 km (14 mi) west of Ayn al-Arab and 5 km (3.1 mi) east of the Euphrates, less than 2 km (1.2 mi) southeast of the Turkish village of Esmesi that is in southernmost Birecik District.

The Turkish government has highlighted that the relocation is temporary, and that it does not constitute any change to the status of the tomb site.

In fiction

Serdar Gökhan appeared as Suleyman Shah in the Turkish TV series Diriliş: Ertuğrul, where he starred as a main character in the first season, and its sequel, Kuruluş: Osman, where he made a cameo appearance in the thirteenth episode.

References

^ ^a ^b "Biography of Suleyman Shah". biyografi.info (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 July 2020.
^ Sourdel, D. (2009). "ḎJ̲abar or Ḳalat ḎJ̲abar". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill online.
^ İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 487
^ Manav, Bekir (2017). Ertuğrul Gazi (in Turkish). Pergole Yayınları. p. 54. ISBN 978-6052-394-23-6. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
^ İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 488
^ İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 489
^ İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 490
^ Âşıkpaşazâde, History of Âşıkpaşazâde; & İnalcık, Halil (2007). "Osmanlı Beyliği'nin Kurucusu Osman Beg (Osman Beg, The founder of Ottoman Dynasty)". Belleten (in Turkish). 7 (261). Ankara: 503.
^ Afyoncu, Erhan, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, pp. 33–34, Yeditepe Publications, Istanbul, 2011.