Unicode alias names and abbreviations

In Unicode, characters can have a unique name. A character can also have one or more alias names. An alias name can be an abbreviation, a C0 or C1 control name, a correction, an alternate name or a figment. An alias too is unique over all names and aliases, and therefore identifying.

Background

The formal, primary Unicode name is unique over all names, only uses certain characters & format, and is guaranteed never to change. The formal name consists of characters A–Z (uppercase), 0–9, " " (space), and "-" (hyphen). Next to this name, a character can have one or more formal (normative) alias names. Such an alias name also follows the rules of a name: characters used (A-Z, -, 0-9, <space>) and not used (a-z, %, $, etc.). Alias names are also unique in the full name set (that is, all names and alias names are all unique in their combined set). Alias names are formally described in the Unicode Standard.[1][2] In this sense, an abbreviation is also considered a Unicode name.

Reason to add an alias

There are five possible reasons to assign an alias name to a code point.[1] A character can have multiple aliases: for example U+0008 <control-0008> has control alias BACKSPACE and abbreviation alias BS.

1. Abbreviation
Commonly occurring abbreviations (or acronyms) for control codes, format characters, spaces, and variation selectors.
There are 354 such aliases, including 256 aliases for variant selectors (VS-1 ... VS-256).
For example, U+00A0   NO-BREAK SPACE has alias NBSP.
Presentation: in the code charts, the abbreviation is shown in a dashed box:
NBSP
.
2. Control
ISO 6429 names for C0 and C1 control functions and similar commonly occurring names, are added as an alias to the character.
There are 84 such aliases.
For example, U+0008 <control-0008> has alias BACKSPACE.
Presentation: Control characters do not have a primary name, they are labeled like <control-0008>. Its alias name like BACKSPACE is used in the chart documentation, but never as a primary name. This prevents unintended (automated) replacement by the actual, disrupting control character. For example, using alias name BEL in line would be replaced by U+0007 <control-0007>, triggering the bell sound.
3. Correction
This is a correction for a "serious problem" in the primary character name, usually an error.
There are 31 such aliases.
For example, U+2118 ℘ SCRIPT CAPITAL P is actually a lowercase p, and so is given alias name ※ WEIERSTRASS ELLIPTIC FUNCTION: "actually this has the form of a lowercase calligraphic p, despite its name, and through the alias the correct spelling is added."
Presentation: A corrected name is preceded by symbol ※ (the reference mark).
4. Alternate
For widely used alternate name for a character.
There is 1 such alias.
Example: U+FEFF ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE has alternate BYTE ORDER MARK.
Presentation: listed in character charts description.
5. Figment
Several documented labels for C1 control code points which were never actually approved in any standard (figment = feigned, in fiction).
There are 3 such aliases.
For example, U+0099 <control-0099> has figment alias SINGLE GRAPHIC CHARACTER INTRODUCER. This name is an architectural concept from early drafts of ISO/IEC 10646-1, but it was never approved and standardized.
Presentation: These figment abbreviations are not published in Standard; the chart shows "XXX" for each informally, that is: not a unique or identifying abbreviation.

List of aliases

code
point 		html
decimal 		Name
or <label> 		Alias Reason Chart Note
Abbr Name
U+0000 &#0; <control-0000>
NUL
 NULL Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0001 &#1; <control-0001>
SOH
 START OF HEADING Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0002 &#2; <control-0002>
STX
 START OF TEXT Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0003 &#3; <control-0003>
ETX
 END OF TEXT Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0004 &#4; <control-0004>
EOT
 END OF TRANSMISSION Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0005 &#5; <control-0005>
ENQ
 ENQUIRY Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0006 &#6; <control-0006>
ACK
 ACKNOWLEDGE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0007 &#7; <control-0007>
BEL
 ALERT Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0008 &#8; <control-0008>
BS
 BACKSPACE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0009 &Tab;
&#9; 		<control-0009>
TAB
 CHARACTER TABULATION Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
HT
 HORIZONTAL TABULATION Control
U+000A &#10; <control-000A>
LF
 LINE FEED Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
NL
 NEW LINE Control
EOL
 END OF LINE Control
U+000B &#11; <control-000B> LINE TABULATION Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
VT
 VERTICAL TABULATION Control
U+000C &#12; <control-000C>
FF
 FORM FEED Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+000D &#13; <control-000D>
CR
 CARRIAGE RETURN Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+000E &#14; <control-000E>
SO
 SHIFT OUT Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
LOCKING-SHIFT ONE Control
U+000F &#15; <control-000F>
SI
 SHIFT IN Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
LOCKING-SHIFT ZERO Control
U+0010 &#16; <control-0010>
DLE
 DATA LINK ESCAPE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0011 &#17; <control-0011>
DC1
 DEVICE CONTROL ONE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0012 &#18; <control-0012>
DC2
 DEVICE CONTROL TWO Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0013 &#19; <control-0013>
DC3
 DEVICE CONTROL THREE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0014 &#20; <control-0014>
DC4
 DEVICE CONTROL FOUR Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0015 &#21; <control-0015>
NAK
 NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0016 &#22; <control-0016>
SYN
 SYNCHRONOUS IDLE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0017 &#23; <control-0017>
ETB
 END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0018 &#24; <control-0018>
CAN
 CANCEL Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0019 &#25; <control-0019>
EOM
 END OF MEDIUM Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
EM
 Abbreviation added in version 15.0
U+001A &#26; <control-001A>
SUB
 SUBSTITUTE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+001B &#27; <control-001B>
ESC
 ESCAPE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+001C &#28; <control-001C> INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
FS
 FILE SEPARATOR Control
U+001D &#29; <control-001D> INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
GS
 GROUP SEPARATOR Control
U+001E &#30; <control-001E> INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
RS
 RECORD SEPARATOR Control
U+001F &#31; <control-001F> INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
US
 UNIT SEPARATOR Control
U+0020 &#32; SPACE
SP
 Abbreviation C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+007F &#127; <control-007F>
DEL
 DELETE Control C0 Controls and Basic Latin (pdf)
U+0080 &#128; <control-0080>
PAD
 PADDING CHARACTER Figment C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf) Aliases are not widely published by Unicode; chart shows non-unique XXX
U+0081 &#129; <control-0081>
HOP
 HIGH OCTET PRESET Figment C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf) Aliases are not widely published by Unicode; chart shows non-unique XXX
U+0082 &#130; <control-0082>
BPH
 BREAK PERMITTED HERE Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+0083 &#131; <control-0083>
NBH
 NO BREAK HERE Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+0084 &#132; <control-0084>
IND
 INDEX Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+0085 &#133; <control-0085>
NEL
 NEXT LINE Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+0086 &#134; <control-0086>
SSA
 START OF SELECTED AREA Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+0087 &#135; <control-0087>
ESA
 END OF SELECTED AREA Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+0088 &#136; <control-0088> CHARACTER TABULATION SET Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
HTS
 HORIZONTAL TABULATION SET Control
U+0089 &#137; <control-0089> CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
HTJ
 HORIZONTAL TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION Control
U+008A &#138; <control-008A> LINE TABULATION SET Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
VTS
 VERTICAL TABULATION SET Control
U+008B &#139; <control-008B> PARTIAL LINE FORWARD Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
PLD
 PARTIAL LINE DOWN Control
U+008C &#140; <control-008C> PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
PLU
 PARTIAL LINE UP Control
U+008D &#141; <control-008D> REVERSE LINE FEED Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
RI
 REVERSE INDEX Control
U+008E &#142; <control-008E> SINGLE SHIFT TWO Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
SS2
 SINGLE-SHIFT-2 Control
U+008F &#143; <control-008F> SINGLE SHIFT THREE Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
SS3
 SINGLE-SHIFT-3 Control
U+0090 &#144; <control-0090>
DCS
 DEVICE CONTROL STRING Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+0091 &#145; <control-0091> PRIVATE USE ONE Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
PU1
 PRIVATE USE-1 Control
U+0092 &#146; <control-0092> PRIVATE USE TWO Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
PU2
 PRIVATE USE-2 Control
U+0093 &#147; <control-0093>
STS
 SET TRANSMIT STATE Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+0094 &#148; <control-0094>
CCH
 CANCEL CHARACTER Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+0095 &#149; <control-0095>
MW
 MESSAGE WAITING Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+0096 &#150; <control-0096> START OF GUARDED AREA Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
SPA
 START OF PROTECTED AREA Control
U+0097 &#151; <control-0097> END OF GUARDED AREA Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
EPA
 END OF PROTECTED AREA Control
U+0098 &#152; <control-0098>
SOS
 START OF STRING Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+0099 &#153; <control-0099>
SGC
 SINGLE GRAPHIC CHARACTER INTRODUCER Figment C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf) Aliases are not widely published by Unicode; chart shows non-unique XXX
U+009A &#154; <control-009A>
SCI
 SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+009B &#155; <control-009B>
CSI
 CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+009C &#156; <control-009C>
ST
 STRING TERMINATOR Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+009D &#157; <control-009D>
OSC
 OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+009E &#158; <control-009E>
PM
 PRIVACY MESSAGE Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+009F &#159; <control-009F>
APC
 APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND Control C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+00A0 &nbsp; &NonBreakingSpace;
&#160; 		NO-BREAK SPACE
NBSP
 Abbreviation C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+00AD &shy;
&#173; 		SOFT HYPHEN
SHY
 Abbreviation C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement (pdf)
U+01A2 &#418; LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OI LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GHA ※ Correction Latin Extended-B (pdf)
U+01A3 &#419; LATIN SMALL LETTER OI LATIN SMALL LETTER GHA ※ Correction Latin Extended-B (pdf)
U+034F &#847; COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER
CGJ
 Abbreviation Combining Diacritical Marks (pdf) The name of this character is misleading; it does not actually join graphemes
U+0616 &#1558; ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE ALEF WITH LAM WITH YEH ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE ALEF WITH YEH BARREE ※ Correction Arabic  added in version 15.0
U+061C &#1564; ARABIC LETTER MARK
ALM
 Abbreviation Arabic (pdf) See RLM
U+0709 &#1801; SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON SKEWED RIGHT SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON SKEWED LEFT ※ Correction Syriac (pdf)
U+0CDE &#3294; KANNADA LETTER FA KANNADA LETTER LLLA ※ Correction Kannada (pdf)
U+0E9D &#3741; LAO LETTER FO TAM LAO LETTER FO FON ※ Correction Lao (pdf)
U+0E9F &#3743; LAO LETTER FO SUNG LAO LETTER FO FAY ※ Correction Lao (pdf)
U+0EA3 &#3747; LAO LETTER LO LING LAO LETTER RO ※ Correction Lao (pdf)
U+0EA5 &#3749; LAO LETTER LO LOOT LAO LETTER LO ※ Correction Lao (pdf)
U+0FD0 &#4048; TIBETAN MARK BSKA- SHOG GI MGO RGYAN TIBETAN MARK BKA- SHOG GI MGO RGYAN ※ Correction Tibetan (pdf)
U+11EC &#4588; HANGUL JONGSEONG IEUNG-KIYEOK HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG-KIYEOK ※ Correction Hangul Jamo (pdf)
U+11ED &#4589; HANGUL JONGSEONG IEUNG-SSANGKIYEOK HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG-SSANGKIYEOK ※ Correction Hangul Jamo (pdf)
U+11EE &#4590; HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGIEUNG HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGYESIEUNG ※ Correction Hangul Jamo (pdf)
U+11EF &#4591; HANGUL JONGSEONG IEUNG-KHIEUKH HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG-KHIEUKH ※ Correction Hangul Jamo (pdf)
U+180B &#6155; MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR ONE
FVS1
 Abbreviation Mongolian (pdf)
U+180C &#6156; MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR TWO
FVS2
 Abbreviation Mongolian (pdf)
U+180D &#6157; MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR THREE
FVS3
 Abbreviation Mongolian (pdf)
U+180E &#6158; MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR
MVS
 Abbreviation Mongolian (pdf)
U+180F &#6159; MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR FOUR
FVS4
 Abbreviation Mongolian (pdf)
U+1BBD &#7101; SUNDANESE LETTER BHA SUNDANESE LETTER ARCHAIC I ※ Correction Sudanese (pdf) added in version 15.0
U+200B &NegativeMediumSpace; &NegativeThickSpace; &NegativeThinSpace; &NegativeVeryThinSpace; &ZeroWidthSpace;
&#8203; 		ZERO WIDTH SPACE
ZWSP
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+200C &zwnj;
&#8204; 		ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER
ZWNJ
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+200D &zwj;
&#8205; 		ZERO WIDTH JOINER
ZWJ
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+200E &lrm;
&#8206; 		LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK
LRM
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+200F &rlm;
&#8207; 		RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK
RLM
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+202A &#8234; LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING
LRE
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+202B &#8235; RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING
RLE
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+202C &#8236; POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING
PDF
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+202D &#8237; LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE
LRO
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+202E &#8238; RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE
RLO
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+202F &#8239; NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE
NNBSP
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+205F &MediumSpace;
&#8287; 		MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE
MMSP
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+2060 &NoBreak;
&#8288; 		WORD JOINER
WJ
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+2066 &#8294; LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE
LRI
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+2067 &#8295; RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE
RLI
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+2068 &#8296; FIRST STRONG ISOLATE
FSI
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+2069 &#8297; POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE
PDI
 Abbreviation General Punctuation (pdf)
U+2118 &weierp; &wp;
&#8472; 		SCRIPT CAPITAL P WEIERSTRASS ELLIPTIC FUNCTION ※ Correction Letterlike Symbols (pdf)
U+2448 &#9288; OCR DASH MICR ON US SYMBOL ※ Correction Optical Character Recognition (pdf)
U+2449 &#9289; OCR CUSTOMER ACCOUNT NUMBER MICR DASH SYMBOL ※ Correction Optical Character Recognition (pdf)
U+2B7A &#11130; LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE ※ Correction Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows (pdf)
U+2B7C &#11132; RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE ※ Correction Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows (pdf)
U+A015 &#40981; YI SYLLABLE WU YI SYLLABLE ITERATION MARK ※ Correction Yi Syllables (pdf)
U+AA6E &#43630; MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI HHA MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI LLA ※ Correction Myanmar Extended-A (pdf)
U+FE00
...
U+FE0F 		&#65024;
...
&#65039; 		VARIATION SELECTOR-1
...
VARIATION SELECTOR-16
VS1
...
VS16
 Abbreviation Variation Selectors (pdf)
(16 code points)
Abbreviation
U+FE18 &#65048; PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT WHITE LENTICULAR BRAKCET PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT WHITE LENTICULAR BRACKET ※ Correction Vertical Forms (pdf)
U+FEFF &#65279; ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE
BOM
 BYTE ORDER MARK Alternate Arabic Presentation Forms-B (pdf)
ZWNBSP
 Abbreviation
U+122D4 &#74452; CUNEIFORM SIGN SHIR TENU CUNEIFORM SIGN NU11 TENU ※ Correction Cuneiform (pdf)
U+122D5 &#74453; CUNEIFORM SIGN SHIR OVER SHIR BUR OVER BUR CUNEIFORM SIGN NU11 OVER NU11 BUR OVER BUR ※ Correction Cuneiform (pdf)
U+16E56 &#93782; MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER HP MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER H ※ Correction Medefaidrin (pdf)
U+16E57 &#93783; MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER NY MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER NG ※ Correction Medefaidrin (pdf)
U+16E76 &#93814; MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER HP MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER H ※ Correction Medefaidrin (pdf)
U+16E77 &#93815; MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER NY MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER NG ※ Correction Medefaidrin (pdf)
U+1B001 &#110593; HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC YE HENTAIGANA LETTER E-1 ※ Correction Kana Supplement (pdf)
U+1D0C5 &#118981; BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FHTORA SKLIRON CHROMA VASIS BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA SKLIRON CHROMA VASIS ※ Correction Byzantine Musical Symbols (pdf)
U+E0100
...
U+E01EF 		&#917760;
...
&#917999; 		VARIATION SELECTOR-17
...
VARIATION SELECTOR-256
VS17
...
VS256
 Abbreviation Variation Selectors Supplement (pdf)
(240 code points)
Abbreviation

Informal alternative names

The Unicode standard also uses and publishes alternative names that are not formal, and are not listed as normative alias names. These labels may not be unique and may use irregular characters in their name. They are used in Unicode code charts, for example U+070F   SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK: SAM.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "NameAliases-15.1.0.txt". The Unicode Consortium. 2023-01-05. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  2. ^ The Unicode Standard (PDF). 15.0.0. The Unicode Consortium. 2022. ISBN 978-1-936213-32-0.
  3. ^ "Unicode 14.0 Character Code Charts: Syriac" (PDF).
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