Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg

Wenceslaus I
Wenceslaus I
	Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg
Count of Luxembourg, Arlon and Durbuy
Reign	1353-13 March 1354
Predecessor	Emperor Charles IV
Duke of Luxembourg
Reign	13 March 1354-7 December 1383
Successor	Wenceslaus IV
Duke of Brabant and Limburg; with Joanna
Reign	1355-1383
Predecessor	John III
Successor	Joanna
Born	25 February 1337; Prague
Died	7 December 1383 (aged 46); Luxembourg
Burial	Abbaye d'Orval, Belgium
Spouse	Joanna, Duchess of Brabant
House	Luxembourg
Father	John of Bohemia
Mother	Beatrice of Bourbon

Wenceslaus I (also Wenceslas, Venceslas, Wenzel, or Václav, often called Wenceslaus of Bohemia in chronicles) (25 February 1337 – 7 December 1383) was the first Duke of Luxembourg from 1354. He was the son of John the Blind, King of Bohemia, and Beatrice of Bourbon.^[1]

Life

The marriage contract stipulated that if a son was born from the marriage, the County of Luxembourg (King John's paternal heritage), as well as lands belonging to it, would go to the child.^[2] Beatrice of Bourbon, gave birth to her only child, Duke Wenceslaus I, on February 25, 1337, in Prague.^[1] In 1353 Charles IV King of Bohemia, Count of Luxembourg and elected Holy Roman King, entrusted the county, their father's inheritance, to his half-brother Wenceslaus. In 1352, Wenceslaus married Joanna (1322 – 1406),^[1] daughter of John III, Duke of Brabant and Limburg, and Marie d'Évreux. In 1354 Charles raised Luxembourg to the status of a duchy. In 1355, Joanna inherited Brabant and Limburg. In order to guarantee the indivisibility of Brabant, Wenceslaus signed the Joyous Entry, but had to fight against his brother-in-law Louis II of Flanders, who asserted his share of the duchy. He failed to prevent the seizure of Brussels by the Flemings, but a certain Everard 't Serclaes succeeded by an audacious coup in driving them out of the city. Thereafter, Wenceslaus had to face primarily internal disorders. In 1371, he overestimated his military capacities and waged war with William II, Duke of Jülich, resulting in humiliating defeat at the Baesweiler, losing a part of his army, and several noblemen.^[3] He was captured and suffered 11 months of captivity.^[3]

Wenceslaus died in Luxembourg, leaving Joanna as sole ruler of Brabant, and was succeeded by Wenceslaus II (Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia) as duke of Luxembourg. There are speculations that he might have died of leprosy. His last wish was his heart to be displaced from his dead body and sent to his wife (Joanna stayed in Brussels). He is buried in a crypt at Orval Abbey in Belgium.

Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg wrote the lyric poetry interpolated in Jean Froissart's Méliador, which was identified as his by Auguste Longnon in the 1890s (Wenceslas was a patron of this chronicler). His lyric output comprises 79 poems (11 ballades, 16 virelais, 52 rondeaux).

Ancestors

Ancestors of Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg

16. Henry V, Count of Luxembourg

8. Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg

17. Margaret of Bar

4. Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor

18. Baldwin of Avesnes

9. Beatrice d'Avesnes

19. Félicité of Coucy

2. John of Bohemia

20. Henry III, Duke of Brabant

10. John I, Duke of Brabant

21. Adelaide of Burgundy

5. Margaret of Brabant

22. Guy of Dampierre

11. Margaret of Flanders

23. Matilda of Bethune

1. Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg

24. Louis IX of France

12. Robert, Count of Clermont

25. Marguerite of Provence

6. Louis I, Duke of Bourbon

26. John of Burgundy

13. Beatrix of Bourbon

27. Agnes of Dampierre

3. Beatrice of Bourbon

28. John I of Avesnes

14. John II, Count of Holland

29. Adelaide of Holland

7. Mary of Avesnes

30. Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (= 16.)

15. Philippa of Luxembourg

31. Margaret of Bar (= 17.)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Boehm & Fajt 2005, p. xvi.
^ Luxemburg in the Middle Ages, Brill Archive
^ ^a ^b Vaughan 2009, p. 80.

Sources

Boehm, Barbara Drake; Fajt, Jiri, eds. (2005). Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347-1437. Yale University Press.
Vaughan, Richard (2009). Philip the Bold. The Boydell Press.