1863年、フランスの化学者ルイ・パスツールは乳飲料や食品の中に潜む有毒なバクテリアを殺菌する低温殺菌法(パスチャライゼーション)を発明した[43]。1884年、ニューヨーク在住のアメリカ人医師ヘンリー・サッチャーが、撥水紙のフタを持つ初のガラス製牛乳瓶「Thatcher's Common Sense Milk Jar」を発明した[43]。後の1932年に、ビクター・W・ファリスの発明によるプラスチックコーティングされた紙パックが採用され普及した[43]。
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^J. Henriksen. “Milk for Health and Wealth” (PDF) (英語). FAO Diversification Booklet Series 6, Rome. 2012年5月30日閲覧。
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^Price, T. D. (2000). “Europe's first farmers: an introduction”. In T. D. Price. Europe's First Farmers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–18. ISBN0-521-66203-6
^Meadow, R. H. (1996). “The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in northwestern South Asia”. In D. R. Harris. The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Eurasia. London: UCL Press. pp. 390–412. ISBN1-85728-538-7
^Copley, M.S.; Berstan, R.; Mukherjee, A.J.; Dudd, S.N.; Straker, V.; Payne, S.; Evershed, R.P. (2005). “Dairying in antiquity. III. Evidence from absorbed lipid residues dating to the British Neolithic”. Journal of Archaeological Science32 (4): 523–546. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2004.08.006. ISSN03054403.
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