此外,在美國聯邦法規(英語:Code of Federal Regulations) 的 Title 15 Subtitle A Part 7 Subpart A § 7.4 ,美國的外國敵手(英語:Foreign adversary) 的定義,包括中国(包括香港特別行政區)、古巴、伊朗、俄罗斯和委内瑞拉的尼古拉斯·马杜罗政权列为外国敌对势。值得留意是,與《限制法案》不同,此規則雖然把中國及香港列入海外敵手,但沒有把澳門列入海外敵手,而《限制法案》則把香港和澳門都列作海外敵手。[31]
^李宝奇等. 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国法律汇编. 北京: 法律出版社. 2016. ISBN 9787511884718(中文).使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
^S.686 - RESTRICT Act. US Government. [2023-12-18]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-21). FOREIGN ADVERSARY.—The term “foreign adversary”— (B) includes, unless removed by the Secretary pursuant to section 6—(i) the People’s Republic of China, including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region; (ii) the Republic of Cuba; (iii) the Islamic Republic of Iran; (iv) the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; (v) the Russian Federation; and (vi) the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela under the regime of Nicolás Maduro Moros.
^15 CFR 7.4 -- Determination of foreign adversaries.. [2023-12-18]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-12). The Secretary has determined that the following foreign governments or foreign non-government persons have engaged in a long-term pattern or serious instances of conduct significantly adverse to the national security of the United States or security and safety of United States persons and, therefore, constitute foreign adversaries solely for the purposes of the Executive Order, this rule, and any subsequent rule: (1) The People's Republic of China, including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (China); (2) Republic of Cuba (Cuba); (3) Islamic Republic of Iran (Iran); (4) Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea); (5) Russian Federation (Russia); and (6) Venezuelan politician Nicolás Maduro (Maduro Regime).
^Lindsay, Jon R.; Cheung, Tai Ming; Reveron, Derek S. China and Cybersecurity Espionage, Strategy, and Politics in the Digital Domain. Oxford University Press. 2015: 267. ISBN 978-0-19-020127-2(英语). In the perceived contest for ideological dominance being waged online as well as offline, the phrase “foreign hostile forces” (or “Western anti-China forces”) to describe the nebulous threat actors and principles challenging CCP doctrine and authority, resulting in security compromise. This concept sidesteps the fact that many incidents attributed to foreign hostile foces stem from legitimate grievances raised by individuals within China concerning the realization of their human rights.