Émile Combes
Émile Combes | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Perdana Menteri Prancis | |
| Masa jabatan 7 Juni 1902 – 24 Januari 1905 | |
| Informasi pribadi | |
| Lahir | 6 September 1835 Roquecourbe |
| Meninggal | 25 Mei 1921 (umur 85) Pons, Charente-Maritime |
| Partai politik | Radical Party |
| Penghargaan     | |
  | |
Émile Justin Louis Combes (bahasa Prancis: [emil kɔ̃b]; 6 September 1835 – 25 Mei 1921) adalah seorang negarawan Prancis juga Freemasonry[1][2][3] yang memimpin kabinet Bloc des gauches dari Juni 1902 hingga Januari 1905.
Referensi
- ^ Ce que la France doit aux francs-maçons (Laurent KUPFERMAN and Emmanuel PIERRAT - Grund ed. - 2012)
- ^ Dictionnaire universel de la Franc-Maçonnerie (Monique Cara, Jean-Marc Cara and Marc de Jode - Larousse ed. - 2011)
- ^ Histoire de la Franc-Maçonnerie française (Pierre Chevallier, Fayard ed., 1975)
Sumber
- Akan, Murat. The Politics of Secularism: Religion, Diversity, and Institutional Change in France and Turkey (2017).
- Arnal, Oscar L. "Why the French Christian Democrats Were Condemned." Church History 49.2 (1980): 188–202. online
- Coffey, Joan L. "Of Catechisms and Sermons: Church-State Relations in France, 1890–1905." Church history 66.1 (1997): 54–66. online
- McManners, John. Church and State in France, 1870–1914 (Harper & Row, 1972), pp. 125–55.
- Mayeur, Jean-Marie Mayeur and Madeleine Rebérioux. The Third Republic from its Origins to the Great War, 1871-1914 (1984), pp. 227–44
- Merle, Gabriel. Emile Combes (1995), p. 1, 662 p.; standard biography, in French
- Partin, Malcolm. Waldeck-Rousseau, Combes, and the Church: the Politics of Anticlericalism, 1899–1905 (1969)
- Sabatier, Paul. Disestablishment in France (1906) online
Pranala luar
- Cartoons Diarsipkan 2008-05-17 di Wayback Machine.
| Jabatan politik | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh: Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau |
Perdana Menteri Prancis 1902–1905 |
Diteruskan oleh: Maurice Rouvier |
Content Disclaimer
Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.
- The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
- There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
- It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
- Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
- Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.