塔吉克族

塔吉克族
Тоҷик
一名塔吉克族老人
總人口
2100万
分佈地區
 阿富汗8,595,000 (2013)[1]
 塔吉克斯坦6,410,000 (2013)[2]
 乌兹别克斯坦
    
1,420,000 (2013年)
[3][4][5]
 巴基斯坦220,000[6]
 俄羅斯201,000[7]
 美国52,000[8]
 吉尔吉斯斯坦47,500[9]
 中國41,028[10]
 加拿大15,870[11]
 烏克蘭4,255[12]
語言
波斯语
表现为达利语塔吉克语
宗教信仰
伊斯兰教逊尼派),主要为哈乃斐派;部分什叶派) ,小部分祆教犹太教巴哈伊教基督教

塔吉克族波斯語تاجيک‎,Tājīk塔吉克語Тоҷик),简称塔族,分为平原塔吉克人高原塔吉克人两部分。分布于塔吉克斯坦乌兹别克斯坦阿富汗的「平原塔吉克人」有2000万人,属于印欧人种费尔干那短颅型与少量蒙古人种的突厥人混血,说西伊朗次语支波斯语塔吉克语方言(有大量突厥语词汇,与波斯语能互通),信仰伊斯兰教逊尼派,自古以来基本从事定居农业。分布在阿富汗巴控克什米尔、塔吉克斯坦东部和中国新疆西部等地的「高原塔吉克人」(即中国塔吉克族),属于高加索人种地中海类型,主要说东伊朗次语支帕米尔语诸方言,多数信仰伊斯兰教逊尼派,少数信仰伊斯兰教什叶派下的十二伊玛目派伊斯玛仪派,历史上一直从事高原游牧,20世纪以前经常被叫做撒尔塔人,也称帕米尔人帕米尔语塔吉克语并不能互通。

历史

塔吉克族是一个古老民族,其族源可上溯到公元前分布于帕米尔东西操印欧语系伊朗语族塞種(高原塔吉克)。现主要分布在塔吉克共和國的是平原塔吉克人。“塔吉克”是本民族的自称(分平原塔吉克、高原塔吉克)。过去塔吉克族人以畜牧业为主,兼营农业,过着半游牧半定居的生活。数千年来,塔吉克人不断吸收东西方文化的精华,创造了自己颇具特色的历史与文明(分平原塔吉克、高原塔吉克)。

他们本来在河中地区佔多数,后许多部落被突厥人赶到帕米尔高原

文化

塔吉克民族多数信仰伊斯兰教逊尼派(平原塔吉克),少数信仰伊斯兰教什叶派下的十二伊玛目派伊斯玛仪派(高原塔吉克)。伊斯兰教对整个民族的思想道德、社会经济、日常生活都有着深刻的影响。大家庭的严格家教是以伊斯兰教的教义、教规为最高准则进行的。长辈们除要求后代子孙们严格遵守伊斯兰教的基本信仰,尊奉《古兰经》、圣训,履行有关宗教功课外,还要求按伊斯兰教的道德规范行善做好事。塔吉克族有自己的语言文字(平原塔吉克)。其中中国境内的高原塔吉克人基本上信仰什叶派,没有文字,普遍使用维吾尔文。塔吉克民族在河中撒馬爾罕布哈拉在佔多數人口,因此蘇聯把它們割讓給烏茲別克人時,塔吉克人一直高喊要取回聖地。

塔吉克族女孩

分布

中国塔吉克族人口分布

中華人民共和國境内的塔吉克族,其实是操伊朗语族帕米尔语支色勒库尔语瓦罕语的高原塔吉克人,与塔吉克斯坦的塔吉克族(平原塔吉克人)有很大区别,双方都认为自己是塔吉克人。中国塔吉克族主要分布在新疆维吾尔自治区西南部的塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县,少数散居在该县以东的莎车泽普叶城皮山塔里木盆地西部边缘地区,人口约为5.1万人(2010年)

参考文献

  1. ^ Population of Afghanistan. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). [2012-08-09]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-20). 
  2. ^ Tajikistan. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. May 5, 2010 [2010-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24). 
  3. ^ Richard Foltz. The Tajiks of Uzbekistan. Central Asian Survey. 1996, 15 (2): 213–216. doi:10.1080/02634939608400946. 
  4. ^ Karl Cordell, "Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe", Routledge, 1998. p. 201: "Consequently, the number of citizens who regard themselves as Tajiks is difficult to determine. Tajikis within and outside of the republic, Samarkand State University (SamGU) academic and international commentators suggest that there may be between six and seven million Tajiks in Uzbekistan, constituting 30% of the republic's 22 million population, rather than the official figure of 4.7%(Foltz 1996;213; Carlisle 1995:88).
  5. ^ Lena Jonson (1976) "Tajikistan in the New Central Asia", I.B.Tauris, p. 108: "According to official Uzbek statistics there are slightly over 1 million Tajiks in Uzbekistan or about 3% of the population. The unofficial figure is over 6 million Tajiks. They are concentrated in the Sukhandarya, Samarqand and Bukhara regions."
  6. ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Long-time Tajik refugees return home from Pakistan. UNHCR. 2002-10-01 [2012-06-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-19). 
  7. ^ Russian 2010 Census results; see also Ethnic groups in Russia
  8. ^ This figure only includes Tajiks from Afghanistan. The population of people from Afghanistan the United States is estimated as 80,414 (2005). United States Census Bureau. US demographic census. [2008-01-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-12).  Of this number, approximately 65% are Tajiks according to a group of American researchers (Barbara Robson, Juliene Lipson, Farid Younos, Mariam Mehdi). Robson, Barbara and Lipson, Juliene (2002) "Chapter 5(B)- The People: The Tajiks and Other Dari-Speaking Groups" 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2010-01-27. The Afghans – their history and culture Cultural Orientation Resource Center, Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C., OCLC 56081073页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  9. ^ Ethnic composition of the population in Kyrgyzstan 1999–2007 (PDF). [2012-06-11]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-02-19). 
  10. ^ The Tajik ethnic minority 塔吉克族-56个民族-东岜艺术. Artwork-cn.com. [2012-06-11]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-21). 
  11. ^ This figure only includes Tajiks from Afghanistan. The population of people with descent from Afghanistan in Canada is 48,090 according to Canada's 2006 Census. Tajiks make up an estimated 27% of the population of Afghanistan. The Tajik population in Canada is estimated from these two figures. Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  12. ^ State statistics committee of Ukraine – National composition of population, 2001 census页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (Ukrainian)
  13. ^ 中华人民共和国国家统计局2000年第五次人口普查数据页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

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